Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor CSc

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):275  

Neuroimunologie a likvorologie

doc. MUDr. Pavel Adam, CSc

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):279  

Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid - current potentials

MUDr. Ondřej Sobek, CSc, doc. MUDr. Pavel Adam, CSc, RNDr. Ing. Petr Kelbich, MUDr. Martina Koudelková, MUDr. David Doležil Ph.D, MUDr. Jiří Kasík, Ph.D, MUDr. Lenka Hajduková, Mgr. Martin Krušina, MUDr. Martina Hybeľová

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):280-284  

In this review article, general information is expressed concerning available biochemical, cytological, ammunological and microbiological metodologies of cerebrospinal fluid evaluation. Basic and advanced criteria of investigation are distiguished, including advanced parameters of CSF. Basic algorithm of laboratory evaluation of CSF is recommended, in association with concrete neurological diagnosis.

Basic cerebrospinal fluid test in diagnosing central nervous system involvement

RNDr. Ing. Petr Kelbich, doc. MUDr. Pavel Adam, CSc, MUDr. Ondřej Sobek, CSc, MUDr. Martina Koudelková, MUDr. Jan Procházka, Eva Hanuljaková, MUDr. Radka Válková, MUDr. Miloslav Tomaškovič, Mgr. Martin Krušina

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):285-289  

Every laboratory test of biological material, including the cerebrospinal fluid, should follow a logical sequence. It should proceed from simple to complex and from general to specific. Basic cerebrospinal fluid test which the paper deals with is usually at the very beginning of this procedure. The aim of the paper is not only to present the reader with a list of the parameters followed, but mainly to attempt at clearly clarifying their significance for disclosing the nature of some pathological processes taking place in the central nervous system (CNS).

Practical experience with laboratory diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using tau protein, phospho-tau protein, and beta amyloid in cerebrospinal fluid

MUDr. Martina Koudelková

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):290-293  

The aim of the paper is to acquaint neurologists, psychiatrists, geriatricians, and other specialists with the options of and practical experience with the laboratory assessment of tau protein, phospho-tau protein, and beta-amyloid in the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease in particular. The rationale for the use of the three cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers is briefly summarized, the principle and the methodology of the cerebrospinal fluid test are explained in detail, including an evaluation of an own group of patients, and requirements for a proper sample collection technique are emphasized. When evaluating the three cerebrospinal fluid...

The significance of cerebrospinal fluid cytology for diagnosing tumors of the nervous system

doc. MUDr. Pavel Štourač, Ph.D, MUDr. Jana Bednářová, Ph.D, MUDr. Zdeňka Čermáková

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):294-296  

Qualitative cerebrospinal fluid cytology is an essential examination in all patients who have suspected or confirmed tumorous disease and in samples with pleocytosis and hyperproteinorachia to rule out or confirm the presence of cancer cells. Tumor infiltration proved by cerebrospinal fluid cytology remains important even in the era of imaging techniques and may significantly contribute to early diagnosis and treatment of tumor infiltration in both primary and metastatic tumors of the nervous system. Despite the well-known incidence rates of the individual tumor types, we detected rare tumors in our cohort that cause leptomeningeal infiltration:...

Intrathecal synthesis of specific antiviral antibodies in relapsing-remitting and primary chronic progressive courses of multiple sclerosis

MUDr. Jana Bednářová, Ph.D, doc. MUDr. Pavel Štourač, Ph.D

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):297-299  

The relapsing-remitting and primary chronic progressive courses are distinguished in cerebrospinal multiple sclerosis. Both these types differ in the pathogenesis, immunology, therapeutic response, and prognosis. No laboratory diagnostic marker to distinguish these two disease subentities has been available to date. Our aim was to assess the intrathecal synthesis of specific IgG antibodies against the neurotropic measles, rubella, and herpes zoster viruses (the MRZ reaction) in the relapsing-remitting course and primary chronic progressive course and to establish its differential diagnostic significance. A cohort of 35 patients (n = 35) was investigated....

Therapy of acute phase and secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack - changes after the publication of the ESO 2008 and 2009 guidelines

doc. MUDr. Roman Herzig Ph.D

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):300-304  

The most important changes in the Guidelines for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (ESO 2008–2009) include changes in antiplatelet (preferential administration of ASA and dipyridamole or clopidogrel alone rather than administration of ASA alone), thrombolytic (prolongation of IVT time window to 4.5 h, implementation of intra-arterial treatment as an option in acute MCA occlusion within 6 h, treatment options of acute basilar artery occlusion using IAT or IVT even after 3 h since symptom onset), surgical (recommendation to perform the CEA as soon as possible, ideally within 2 weeks after the last ischaemic event...

New drugs era in treating multiple sclerosis

MUDr. Marta Vachová

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):305-308  

Contemporary therapeutic approaches for treating of Multiple sclerosis have their limitation. The efficacy is not 100 % and long lasting invasive application have troubles, which lead to less therapeutic effect. This is the reason for developing new ways, schemes and methods. Some of them were blind and did not fulfil expectations. Other new medications are very effective, but have serious adverse events. The article introduces new medications, which came through all phases of clinical testing to the registration or phase III studies have been just ending. This involves five oral disease-modifying agents and monoclonal antibodies group which represents...

Breakthrough pain - clinical presentation and treatment

MUDr. Dana Vondráčková

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):310-313  

Breakthrough pain is one of the symptoms of tumorous pain. This term is not always used by physicians for the same symptom. The article presents the latest exact definition of breakthrough pain and mentions the states that are considered to be breakthrough pain but do not correspond to the current definition. Advanced stages of disease are a risk period for a progressive development of pain as well as breakthrough pain. Pathophysiologically, all kinds of pain are involved in breakthrough pain: nociceptive, neuropathic, and mixed pain. The speed of onset and duration of pain are essential data for breakthrough pain, which can range from several...

Cervical vertigo

MUDr. Miloslav Dvorák, Ph.D, MUDr. Andrea Hlubeková, MUDr. Katarína Carter, MUDr. Martin Šimo

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):314-319  

The paper deals with cervical vertigo, a controversial clinical entity, characterized by the development of dizziness or instability in association with head or neck movement with an underlying disorder of multiple systems. Although the pathophysiology of cervical vertigo is not explicitly defined, the authors discuss several hypotheses suggested. The causes of cervical vertigo reported in the literature include: functional blockade of the cervical-cranial junction with impaired cervical proprioceptive system, vertebral artery compression, cervical cord compression, cervical spine injury, Barré-Lieou syndrome, and, rarely, cervical-cranial junction...

The Disability Assessment for Dementia DAD-CZ - czech version for assessment of activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer disease

doc. MUDr. Aleš Bartoš, Ph.D, MUC. Pavel Martínek, MUC. Abraham Buček, RNDr. Daniela Řípová CSc

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):320-323  

This study aimed to introduce a Czech version of the Disability Assessment for Dementia to evaluate activities in daily living (ADL) in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). We translated items from the original source and back to English. Then we created a user-friendly questionnaire named DAD-CZ. Caregivers assessed ADL of 42 patients with AD (mean Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE, ± SD 17 ± 6) by filling up the questionnaire within 5–10 minutes in the waiting room. DAD-CZ was not related to age, education or sex. We observed the moderate correlation with MMSE (Spearman´s r = 0,5; p = 0.001). The DAD-CZ questionnaire extends...

Low-grade glioma (fibrilary astrocytoma) and epilepsy

MUDr. Jana Zárubová

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):324-327  

Patients with low grade glioma and symptomatic focal epilepsy represent a complicated clinical problem. A case report of now 37 years old female successfully treated with temozolomid is presented here. She had her first secondarily generalized epileptic seizure in postpartum period. MRI discovered low grade glioma in the right parietal region. Her epilepsy soon proved refractory to treatment. Because of epilepsy farmacoresistancy and tumor growth on MRI neurosurgery was indicated. Only partial resection was done due to risk of permanent motor deficit. Histopathology exam diagnosed fibrilary astrocytoma WHO II. Further growth of the tumor was noted on...

Cervikální vertigo. Komentář k článku Cervikálne vertigo autorů Dvorák M., Hlubeková A., Carter K., Šimo M., Neurol. pro praxi 2009

doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Jeřábek, CSc

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):329-330  

Neurologové se ptají …

MUDr. Jiří Piťha, doc. MUDr. Irena Rektorová, Ph.D

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(5):328