Neurol. pro Praxi, 2002; 2: 64-68

Patofyziológia epilepsie

MUDr. Vladimír Donáth, PhD.
Neurologické oddelenie, Nemocnica F.D. Roosevelta, Banská Bystrica

Published: December 31, 2002  Show citation

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Donáth V. Patofyziológia epilepsie. Neurol. praxi. 2002;3(2):64-68.

Epilepsiu klinicky definujú opakované záchvaty, ktoré sú produkované paroxyzmálnymi neuronálnymi výbojmi. Väčšina výskumov o patofyziológii epilepsie vychádza z experimentov na zvieratách. Podľa súčasných predstáv sa záchvatová aktivita odohráva na rôznych úrovniach. Základné záchvatové úrovne sú: inhibičné neurotransmiterové systémy a excitačné neurotransmiterové systémy. Oba tieto systémy sú fyziologicky v rovnováhe. Závažné porušenie rovnováhy medzi excitačnými neurotransmiterovými a inhibičnými neurotransmiterovými systémami, či v zmysle zníženia inhibície, alebo zvýšenia excitácie, môže mať za následok epileptický záchvat. Popri týchto mechanizmoch spolupracujú napäťovo závislé iónové kanály. Existujú významné dôkazy, že sa zúčastňujú na generácii záchvatov.

Kľúčové slová

epilepsia, modely epilepsie, kindling, GABA, ihibičné neurotransmitery, excitačné neurotransmitery, napäťovo závislé kanály, hyperexcitabilita, synchronizácia.

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