Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(6):346-349

Pure akinesia with gait freezing

MUDr. Ján Necpál
Neurologické oddelenie, Nemocnica Zvolen, a. s., Zvolen

This article describes a relative „young“ and rare diagnosis on the field of movement disorders, known as pure akinesia or pure kinesia with gait freezing. The cardinal clinical feauture of the syndrome is akinesia and levodopa-resistant progressive freezing during walking, speaking and handwriting. Limb rigidity, oculoparesis and dementia are not present. Pathologically this syndrome shows changes typical for progressive supranuclear palsy, therefore pure akinesia is regarded as its clinical variant. The article presents a short clinical case of a patient reflecting a graduate conversion of seven years existing pure akinesia to the typical clinically and imaging signs of progressive supranuclear palsy.

Keywords: pure akinesia, pure akinesia with gait freezing, progressive supranuclear palsy, clinical case

Published: December 20, 2014  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Necpál J. Pure akinesia with gait freezing. Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(6):346-349.

Video

Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Barbeau A. Contribution of levodopa therapy to the neuropharmacology of akinesia. In: Siegfried J, ed. Parkinson´s disease. Bern: Hans Huber; 1972: 154-174.
    2. Barsottini OGP, Félicio AC, de Aquino CCH, Pedroso JL. Progressive supranuclear palsy. New concepts. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2010; 68(6): 938-946. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Compta Y, Valldeoriola F, Tolosa E, Rey MJ, Martí MJ, Valls-Sollé J. Long lasting pure freezing of gait preceding progressive supranuclear palsy: a clinicopathological study. Mov Dis. 2007; 22: 1954. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Coria F, Cozar-Santiago MP. Rasagiline improves freezing in a patient with primary progressive freezing gait. Mov disord. 2008; 23: 449-451. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Donaldson IM, Marsden CD, Schneider SA, Bhatia KP. Marsden´s book of movement disorders. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.; 2012: 1552. Go to original source...
    6. Di Fabrio R, Serrao M, Pierelli F, Fragiotta G, Sandrini G. Pure akinesia: a kinematic analysis in a case responsive to rotigotine. Functional Neurology. 2013; 28(2): 133-135. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Factor SA. The Clinical spectrum of freezing of gait in atypical parkinsonism. Mov disord. 2008; (23 suppl): S431-S438. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Farníková K, Bareš M, Nestrašil I, Kaňovský P. Parkinsonské fenotypy - na ceste k nové nozologii atypických parkinsonských syndromu. Cesk Slov Neurol N. 2011; 74/107(6): 641-653.
    9. Hoshino M, Mitani K, Bando M, Yamanouchi H. A case of pure micrographia progressive over 5 years - an early sign of, ,pure akinesia"? Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 1999; 39(6): 615-618. Go to PubMed...
    10. Imai H, Nakamura T, Kondo T, Narabayashi H. Dopa-unresponsive pure akinesia of freezing. A condition within a wide spectrum of PSP? Adv neurol. 1993; 60: 622-625. Go to PubMed...
    11. Imai H, Narabayashi H. Akinesia-concerning 2 cases of pure akinesia. Adv Neurol Sci (Tokyo). 1974; 18: 787-794.
    12. Imai H, Narabayashi H, Sakata E., ,Pure akinesia" and the latter added supranuclear opthalmoplegia. In: Yahr MD, Bergmann KJ, eds. Parkinson´s disease (Advances in neurology, vol. 45). New York: Raven Press; 1986: 207-212.
    13. Kacem I, Gargouri A, Ben-Djebara M, Gouider R. Clinical and single-photon emission computed tomography study of pure akinesia with freezing of gait. Neurosciences. 2012; 17(1): 66-68. Go to PubMed...
    14. Kanazawa M, Shimohata T, Toyoshima Y, Tada M, Kakita A, Morita T, Ozawa T, Takahashi H, Nishizawa M. Cerebellar involvement in progressive supranuclear palsy: a clinicopathological study. Mov disord. 2009; 24: 1312-1318. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Kim S, Fung VCS. Unusual gait disorders. In: Gálvez-Jiménez N, Tuite P. Uncommon causes of movement disorders. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2011: 346. Go to original source...
    16. Liscic RM, Sruilijes K, Gröger A, Maetzler W, Berg D. Differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy: clinical, imaging and laboratory tools. Acta Neurol Scand. 2013 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12067. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Lin WY, Lin KJ, Weng YH, Yen TC, Shen LH, Liao MH, Lu CS. Preliminary studies of differential impairments of the dopaminergic system in subtypes of progressive supranuclear palsy. Nucl Med Commun. 2010; 31: 974-980. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Matsuo H, Takashima H, Kishikawa M, Kinoshita I, Mori M, Tsujihata M, Nagataki S. Pure akinesia. An atypical manifestation of progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1991; 54: 397-400. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Molinuevo JL, Martí MJ, Blesa R, Tolosa E. Pure akinesia: an unusual phenotype of Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome. Mov Disord. 2003; 18(11): 1151-1153. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Narai H, Manabe Y, Murakami T, Warita H, Abe K. Familial pure akinesia. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2000; 40(11): 1101-1104. Go to PubMed...
    21. Park HK, Kim JS, Im KC, Oh SJ, Kim MJ, Lee J-H, Ching SJ, Lee MC. Functional brain imaging in pure akinesia with gait freezing: [18F] FDG PET and [18F] FP-CIT PET analyses. Mov disord. 2009; 24(2): 237-245. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Schwab RS, England AC, Peterson E. Akinesia in Parkinson´s disease. Neurology. 1959; 9: 65-72. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Topcular B, Yabalak A, Kaymaz A, Altinkaya A, Sozer Topcular N, Altunrende B, et al. Improvement under donepezil treatment in a patient with pure akinesia with freezing of gait [abstract]. Movement Disorders. 2013; 28 (Suppl1): 832.
    24. Watanabe H, Arahata Y, Tadokoro M, Kato T, Sobue G. Effects of tandospirone citrate on frozen gait in patients with early stage of progressive supranuclear palsy, investigated by walk-induced activation single photon emission computed tomography method. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2000; (40): 1130-1132.
    25. Williams DR, Holton JL, Strand K, Revesz T, Lees AJ. Pure akinesia with gait freezing: a third clinical phenotype of progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov Disord. 2007; 22(15): 2235-2241. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Williams DR, Lees AL. Progressive supranuclear palsy. Clinicopathological concepts and diagnostic challenges. Lancet Neurol. 2009; 8: 270-279. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    Return to the content


    Neurology for Practice

    Madam, Sir,
    please be aware that the website on which you intend to enter, not the general public because it contains technical information about medicines, including advertisements relating to medicinal products. This information and communication professionals are solely under §2 of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. Is active persons authorized to prescribe or supply (hereinafter expert).
    Take note that if you are not an expert, you run the risk of danger to their health or the health of other persons, if you the obtained information improperly understood or interpreted, and especially advertising which may be part of this site, or whether you used it for self-diagnosis or medical treatment, whether in relation to each other in person or in relation to others.

    I declare:

    1. that I have met the above instruction
    2. I'm an expert within the meaning of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. the regulation of advertising, as amended, and I am aware of the risks that would be a person other than the expert input to these sites exhibited

    No
    Yes

    If your statement is not true, please be aware
    that brings the risk of danger to their health or the health of others.