Neurology for Practice, 2019, issue 2

Editorial

Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc., FCMA, FANA, FEAN

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):83

Main topic

Cestovní a migrační neurologie – úvod

prof. MUDr. Petr Kaňovský, CSc., prof. MUDr. Egon Kurča, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):89 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2019.007

Tuberculosis – a current issue in the new millennium

doc. MUDr. Ivan Solovič, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):91-97 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.063

Tuberculosis is as old as mankind itself. The first reports of tuberculosis come from the time when people began to create more social units. The findings of skeletons from the Neolithic confirm the existence of forms of bone tuberculosis. Already Avicenna noted that the disease is contagious and affects the development of the external environment. Tuberculosis is a treatable disease, but if we do not think about the disease so it is hardly to notice it, the patients are coming late with severely affected lungs or other organs, they may also die. The impairment of the nervous system is not common, but it is very difficult to do the right diagnosis...

Neurological manifestations in selected neglected tropical diseases

prof. MUDr. Egon Kurča, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):98-101 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2019.020

The paper presents an overview and brief epidemiological-clinical-therapeutic characteristics of selected neglected tropical diseasesthat have been shown to be manifested by neurological symptoms and syndromes. In the conditions of the Czech and Slovak Republics,these are generally exotic diagnoses and little-known to unknown aetiological agents. The information presented providespractical neurologists with initial guidance in this issue that has become quite important recently given the current era characterizedby a widespread global work and leisure travel as well as increasing migration of the population.

Neurological complications in malaria

MUDr. RNDr. František Stejskal, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):102-106 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2019.023

Malaria is distribited in many tropical and subtropical regions, but the risk is highest in sub-Saharan Africa. If untreated, infectionwith P. falciparum is a fatal in non-immune travellers. This fact is often neglected, and there are increasing numbers of tourists aswell as Czech workers who travel to high-risk areas without receiving appropriate antimalarial prophylaxis and sufficient informationon the severity, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of malaria. Infection with P. falciparum may manifest in morethan one month after returning from a risk area, and P. vivax and P. ovale relapses occurring in months...

Neurological disorders in travellers

prof. MUDr. Petr Kaňovský, CSc., doc. MUDr. Kateřina Menšíková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):107-114 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2019.016

Travelling to distant countries is associated with numerous risks, including some health-related ones. In addition to infectiousdiseases, alimentary infections, and injuries, complications arising from a “conflict contact” with a venomous animal or plant areamong the major health-related risks. Part one of our review deals with neurological complications of conditions resulting fromcontact with the venom of some of the venomous animals.

Review articles

Chronic migraine

MUDr. Tomáš Nežádal, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):115-120 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2019.013

Chronic migraine is a very frequent neurological disease, which prevalence in the population and health restrictions rank thirdafter cerebrovascular events and just below dementia. According to the latest International Classification of Headaches (ICHD-3) isclassified as a separate migraine subtype and is defined as at least 15 days with a headache in the month, of which 8 or more aremigraine-like. The disease is often drug-resistant and accompanied by therapeutic nihilism. Currently, however, proper diagnosiscan lead to new treatment options such as CGRP antibodies or neurostimulation methods.

From the boundary of neurology

A current perspective on diagnosing and treating patients with a pineal cyst

MUDr. Martin Májovský, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. David Netuka, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Vladimír Beneš, DrSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):121-126 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2019.099

Pineal cysts are benign lesions of the pineal gland whose prevalence in the population reaches as much as 1%. A pineal cyst is most commonly diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging as a spherical cystic mass dorsally from the third ventricle above the midbrain. The clinical approach to patients with a pineal cyst is very controversial, particularly if they present with nonspecific complaints. In all patients, we consider it important to assure them of a benign nature of their pineal cysts and of a favourable prognosis. The primary therapeutic modality is observation, followed by symptomatic treatment. In a small proportion of patients, surgical treatment...

The risk of developing malignant tumors in the modern treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review of the literature

MUDr. Dagmar Brančíková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):127-130 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2019.100

Treatment of multiple sclerosis with new generation drugs is a long-term treatment, resulting in monitoring and treatment as well as the risk of serious late side effects such as secondary (induced) malignant tumours. An increased risk of malignancy during immunosuppressive therapy has been demonstrated in patients treated with cytotoxic agents mitoxantrone (MX), methotrexate (MTX) and cyclophosphamide (CFA), immunosuppressive as azathioprine (AZA), however, this assumption has not been confirmed in more modern treatments. We present an overview of Cladribine, Alemtuzumab, and Teriflunomide , where data are not yet unambiguously suspected or rebutted....

Case report

Possibilities to influence foot drop syndrome in people with multiple sclerosis: comparison of effect of the functional electro stimulation and ankle-foot orthosis

Mgr. Klára Novotná, Mgr. Romana Konvalinková, MUDr. Jana Lízrová Preningerová,, prof. MUDr. Eva Kubala Havrdová, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):138-144 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2019.102

The authors assessed the results of pilot study comparing effect of functional electro stimulation of peroneal nerve and peroneal orthosison gait in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The sample consisted of fifteen people with MS, who have gait impairment due to limiteddorsiflexion (foot drop syndrome) of ankle joint during swing phase. All participants were assessed with functional gait tests, quantitativespatio-temporal gait parameters and subjectively perceived effect on gait. Both devices can bring positive subjective and objectiveeffect on gait performance for people with MS but have some advantages and limits and...

Pharmacotherapy

Teriflunomide in treating clinically isolated syndrome

MUDr. Radek Ampapa

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):131-135 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2019.101

Teriflunomide is the only oral drug that can be used to commence treatment in patients after the initial demyelinating event. The TOPIC clinical trial dealt with patients with clinically isolated syndrome. The primary objective of the trial was the time to second relapse which also meant conversion of the disease to definite multiple sclerosis. The group treated with teriflunomide at a dose of 14 mg daily achieved a reduction in the risk of a further relapse by 42.6% compared with the placebo group. The present case report documents our experience with teriflunomide treatment in a female patient with clinically isolated syndrome. The patient had no...

Controversy

Může být lehké kraniocerebrální poranění příčinou migrény?

MUDr. Filip Růžička, Ph.D., MUDr. Andrea Bártková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):145-148

Information

Mechanismy účinku antiepileptik a jejich význam v klinické praxi

prof. MUDr. Petr Marusič, Ph.D., MUDr. Jana Zárubová

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):150-152

Neurodermatological syndromes

prof. MUDr. Peter Kukumberg, PhD., MUDr. Tomáš Dianiška, MPH

Neurol. praxi. 2019;20(2):153-155

The heterogeneous “skin” covering of living creatures forms not only a protective barrier on the outside. It is part of the Krebs cycle, i.e. the functioning of human metabolism with accentuation of the nervous system. The skin reveals all disorders, often in a pathogenetic-aetiological manner (more empirically), by means of specific or nonspecific changes, including skin diseases alone. Various pathological conditions (a frequent example: diabetes mellitus) of bodily systems as well as increasing traumatic injuries are discussed. Attention is paid to toxic lesions and growing allergization (medication – interactions). Overall, an...