Neurol. praxi. 2007;8(6):357-359

Genetika Parkinsonovej choroby

MUDr. Katarína Kollárová3, MUDr. Pavel Ressner2,1, prof. MUDr. Petr Kaňovský, CSc.3
1 Centrum pro diagnostiku a léčbu extrapyramidových onemocnění a kognitivních poruch
2 Neurologická klinika FNsP Ostrava-Poruba
3 Neurologická klinika FN a LF UP Olomouc

PCh je svojou prevalenciou druhé najčastejšie neurodegeneratívne ochorenie. V priemere postihuje 1 % populácie asi vo veku 65 rokov, pričom riziko vzniku rastie vekom. Mužov postihuje 1,5-krát častejšie ako ženy. Donedávna sa výskum zameriaval na environmentálne spúš­ťače ochorenia. Podiel genetických faktorov vychádza z výsledkov štúdií dvojčiat, ďalej z mnohonásobne vyššieho výskytu ochorenia v niektorých rodinách z objavu vzácnych monogénne podmienených foriem tohto ochorenia. Je to komplexný, multifaktoriálny syndróm neznámej etiológie, pričom environmentálne a genetické faktory interagujú zatiaľ neznámym spôsobom. Familiárne formy tvoria celkom 10–15 % výskytu. Molekulárna analýza familiárnych foriem ochorenia nám pomôže objasniť patogenézu sporadických foriem. PCh sa vyznačuje veľkou genetickou heterogenitou. Niekoľko známych príčinných génov hrá dôležitú úlohu v UPS, závislom na ATP. Jeho vrodená, alebo získaná porucha vedie k ukladaniu abnormálnych proteínov. Mechanizmus neurodegenerácie nie je celkom presne známy, uvažuje sa o vytváraní pórov zvyšujúcich bunkovú permeabilitu, čo vedie k bunkovej smrti. Oxidačný stres je takto zjednocujúcim článkom súčasných teórií o patogenéze PCh.

Keywords: Parkinsonova choroba, patogenéza, genetika, environmentálne faktory, oxidačný stres

Published: January 15, 2008  Show citation

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Kollárová K, Ressner P, Kaňovský P. Genetika Parkinsonovej choroby. Neurol. praxi. 2007;8(6):357-359.
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