Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(3):160-164
Autoimmune limbic encephalitis
- Neurologická klinika 2. LF UK a FN Motol, Praha
The term autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE) denotes a heterogeneous group of immune-mediated CNS disorders with characteristic
clinical symptoms including subacute memory dysfunction, psychiatric problems and epileptic seizures. LE can be divided into 1) syndromes
with antibodies against intracellular antigens and 2) syndromes with antibodies against membrane and synaptic antigens. The
first group includes LE with well characterized paraneoplastic antibodies (anti-Hu, anti-Ma2, anti-CV2/CRMP5, anti-amphiphysin) and
LE with anti-GAD antibodies. The latter group comprises LE with antibodies against LGI1, caspr-2, AMPA receptors and GABAB receptors,
which generally have a better prognosis. Early diagnosis is the most important factor for successful treatment of LE patients. The aim of
this review is to provide readers with main characteristics of LE.
Keywords: limbic encephalitis, paraneoplastic syndromes, autoantibodies, seizures
Published: May 31, 2012 Show citation
References
- Buckley C, Oger J, Clover L, Tuzun E, Carpenter K, Jackson M, Vincent A. Potassium channel antibodies in two patients with reversible limbic encephalitis. Ann Neurol 2001; 50: 73-78.
Go to original source... 
Go to PubMed... - Dalmau J, Lancaster E, Martinez-Hernandez E, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R. Clinical experience and laboratory investigations in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10: 63-74. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Gultekin SH, Rosenfeld MR, Voltz R, Eichen J, Posner JB, Dalmau J. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: neurological symptoms, immunological findings and tumour association in 50 patients. Brain 2000; 123: 1481-1494. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Haberlandt E, Bast T, Ebner A, Holthausen H, Kluger G, Kravljanac R, Kroll-Seger J, Kurlemann G, Makowski C, Rostasy K, Tuschen-Hofstatter E, Weber G, Vincent A and Bien C. Limbic encephalitis in children and adolescents. Arch Dis Child 2011; 96(2): 186-191. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Irani SR, Alexander S, Waters P, Kleopa KA, Pettingill P, Zuliani L, Peles E, Buckley C, Lang B, Vincent A. Antibodies to Kv1 potassium channel-complex proteins leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 protein and contactin-associated protein-2 in limbic encephalitis, Morvan's syndrome and acquired neuromyotonia. Brain 2010; 133: 2734-2748. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Lai M, Huijbers MG, Lancaster E, Graus F, Bataller L, Balice-Gordon R, Cowell JK, Dalmau J. Investigation of LGI1 as the antigen in limbic encephalitis previously attributed to potassium channels: a case series. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 776-785. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Lancaster E, Martinez-Hernandez E, Dalmau J. Encephalitis and antibodies to synaptic and neuronal cell surface proteins. Neurology 2011; 77: 179-189. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Lawn ND, Westmoreland BF, Kiely MJ, Lennon VA, Vernino S. Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalographic findings in paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78: 1363-1368. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Malter MP, Helmstaedter C, Urbach H, Vincent A, Bien CG. Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase define a form of limbic encephalitis. Ann Neurol 2011; 67: 470-478. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Ozkara C, Vigevano F. Immuno- and antiinflammatory therapies in epileptic disorders. Epilepsia 2011; 52(Suppl 3): 45-51. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Project group on paraneoplastic neurological syndromes NDRC, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan. [A nationwide survey on paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Project group on paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, Neuroimmunological Disease Research Committee, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1997; 37: 93-98. Go to PubMed...
- Psimaras D, Carpentier AF, Rossi C. Cerebrospinal fluid study in paraneoplastic syndromes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010; 81: 42-45. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Stourac P, Kadanka Z, Palyza V. Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes - patients' cohort profile in the Czech Republic. Acta Neurol Scand 2001; 104: 72-77. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Titulaer MJ, Soffietti R, Dalmau J, Gilhus NE, Giometto B, Graus F, Grisold W, Honnorat J, Sillevis Smitt PA, Tanasescu R, Vedeler CA, Voltz R, Verschuuren JJ. Screening for tumours in paraneoplastic syndromes: report of an EFNS Task Force. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18(1): 19-23. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...