Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(6):317-323

Autoimmune encephalitides

MUDr. David Krýsl, Ph.D.

Klinisk neurofysiologi Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg

Autoimmune limbic encephalitides (LE) and encephalitis with antibodies against glutamate NMDA receptors (NMDAR encephalitis) are important subtypes of autoimmune encephalitis. LE are characterised by the presence of subacute-onset memory impairment, epileptic seizures and psychiatric symptoms. Autoantibodies associated with LE may be directed either against intracellular or membrane-bound antigens and the nature of clinical symptoms, findings of supplementary methods, effect of immunotherapy and prognosis are largely determined by the type of associated antibody. NMDAR encephalitis is a diffuse cortical autoimmune encephalitis. It is relatively common, occurs predominantly in young females and children, has a characteristic build-up of clinical symptoms and usually requires long hospital stays and intensive care support. Nevertheless, with timely and aggressive immunotherapy, NMDAR encephalitis is a reversible disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment is the key factor for outcome in patients with NMDAR encephalitis and limbic encephalitis.

Keywords: encephalitis, limbic encephalitis, nmda receptor, antibodies

Published: December 16, 2015  Show citation