Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor CSc

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):203  

Neuro-onkológia (nádory chrbtice a miechy)

MUDr. Peter Kalina PhD

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):208  

Clinical manifestations of spinal and spinal cord tumours

MUDr. Peter Kalina PhD

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):209-212  

Spinal and spinal cord tumours are relatively uncommon, but medically serious conditions. The paper summarizes the clinical manifestations of both primary and metastatic tumours and the differential diagnosis of spinal cord compressions is briefly discussed.

Histopathology of spinal and spinal cord tumours

MUDr. Boris Rychlý

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):213-215  

Like brain tumours, spinal and spinal cord tumours exhibit a broad histogenetic diversity. They can originate in any anatomical structure in this region. They arise from the spinal cord itself, the spinal roots, the dural sac, or the adjacent hard (bone) or soft tissues. The tumours are topographically classified into extradural and intradural ones that are subdivided into extramedullary and intramedullary. Histologically, they are identical to brain tumours with the same principles of grading. However, their incidence mostly differs from that of identical tumours in the brain. They may be either primary or secondary ones in the form of metastases...

Treatment for spinal and spinal cord tumours

MUDr. Elena Bolješíková, CSc, MUDr. Martin Chorváth

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):216-219  

Primary spinal and spinal cord tumours are uncommon malignancies. Based on their relation to the spinal cord and dura mater, spinal and spinal cord tumours are classified into intradural and extradural, with the former being further divided into intramedullary and extramedullary. The oncological staging according to Enneking is based on clinical manifestations, radiological features, and histopathological findings. The Weinstein-Boriani-Biagini (WBB) surgical classification takes into account the anatomical extent and localization of pathological lesions. The primary treatment modality is surgical extirpation. Adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy...

Topographic-anatomic relations of the spine, spinal cord, and spinal nerves; significance for clinical practice

MUDr. Jana Šteňová, doc. MUDr. Eliška Kubíková, PhD, prof. MUDr. Juraj Šteňo CSc

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):220-223  

The complexity of the topographic relations of the spine, spinal cord, and spinal nerves is a result of the incongruous growth of the spine and the spinal cord, the growth of which is retarded from the third month of embryonic development. The spinal cord only extends to the upper portion of the lumbar spine and the spinal nerves run obliquely down the spinal canal. Those spinal cord segments that were originally situated at the level of the corresponding vertebrae are located above the vertebral bodies. From the level of the second lumbar vertebra down the spinal canal, only spinal roots are found resembling a horse's tail (cauda equina) in appearance....

Current principles of surgical treatment of spinal and spinal cord tumours

prof. MUDr. Juraj Šteňo CSc, MUDr. Robert Illéš

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):224-227  

The spinal cord and the spinal cord roots may be affected by tumours that arise primarily from the spinal cord (intramedullary tumours), the spinal cord roots and the meninges (intradural extramedullary tumours), or from the osseous, cartilaginous and fibrous structures of the spine (extradural tumours). Metastatic tumours are extremely rarely located intradurally; in the extradural structures, however, they are the most common tumours. Hence, the majority of extradural tumours are malignant whereas intradural tumours are most typically benign. The goal of surgical treatment of spinal and spinal cord tumours is the removal of tumorous tissue and...

Epilepsy pharmacotherapy according to clinical gidelines?

doc. MUDr. Jiří Hovorka CSc

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):228-236  

Basic data of epilepsy treatment according to guidelines, expert consensus guidelines and expert opinions are presented.

Guidelines for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease an other dementias

MUDr. Pavel Ressner, Ph.D, doc. MUDr. Jakub Hort, Ph.D, doc. MUDr. Irena Rektorová, Ph.D, doc. MUDr. Aleš Bartoš, Ph.D, MUDr. Robert Rusina, MUDr. Vladimír Línek, MUDr. Kateřina Sheardová

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):237-241  

The task in writing this guideline proposes recommended diagnostics algorithm for Alzheimer´s disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson´s disease with dementia, and dementia with Lewy Bodies. The aim of this guidelines for diagnosis of dementia is to present a peer-rewiewed and evidence-based statement in order to guide the practice neurologists, geriatricians, psychiatrists, and other specialised physicians responsible for the care of the patients with dementia. This guideline may contribute to the rational diagnotic methods proceeding in the most common dementia disorders according to evidence-based medicine.

Desynchronization and synchronization of EEG rhythms

MUDr. Martina Bočková, prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor CSc

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):242-245  

Event-related synchronization and desynchronization (ERD/S) represents a quantitative non-linear EEG signal analysis method, that enables to evaluate the changes of the background activity in any frequency ranges. These changes are related to an external or internal stimulus and are linked to the brain activation. It is widely used in the neuroscience research as a form of functional brain mapping. Especially the intracerebral recording data analysis have a big importance.

General therapy for acute cerebral infarction

MUDr. Petr Aulický, MUDr. Robert Mikulík

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):246-249  

The goal of the general therapy for acute cerebral infarction is to prevent the progression of cerebral ischemia as well as to prevent and treat complications. It is of utmost importance to ensure adequate oxygenation and cerebral perfusion pressure. It is essential to maintain normothermia, to maintain optimum hydration and internal environment conditions, to initiate enteral nutrition early, and to provide prophylaxis against thromboembolic disease. In the acute phase of cerebral infarction, hypertension, tachycardia, and psychomotor agitation are commonly encountered and epileptic seizures may occur. Decompressive craniectomy can be a life-saving...

Vascular dementia

MUDr. Robert Rusina, MUDr. Radoslav Matěj

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):250-253  

Vascular dementia can be considered as a consequence of ischemic or hemorrhagic damage to brain tissue that manifests with alteration of cognitive function. Thus it is a very heterogenic group of various clinical syndromes-from focal injury of corresponding area of a larger size to multiple deficits of cognitive domains within the scope of multiinfarct dementia, across comparatively homogenic profile of dysexecutive syndrome with bradypsychism and frequently depressive mood in subcortical ischemic leucoencefalopathy. Mixed dementia, mostly combinations of vascular encephalopathy and Alzheimer disease, are quite common. At present there is no effective...

Treatment of the primary insomnia from the psychiatrist point of view

doc. MUDr. Ján Praško CSc, MUDr. Lucie Závěšická, MUDr. Anežka Ticháčková

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):254-261  

Primary insomnia is characterized with difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or non-restorative sleep, lasting at least a month in duration. The treatment for short term insomnia with hypnotics is recommended. The use of hypnotics in treating chronic insomnia remains controversial. The non-benzodiazepine hypnotics zolpiden, zopiclone, and zaleplon are replacing benzodiazepines as first-line pharmacotherapy for short-term insomnia. Hypnotics should be considered only after a thorough diagnostic assessment of secondary causes of insomnia, after sleep hygiene has been improved and after behavioral treatments has been attempted. If these approaches are...

Options of surgical treatment of spinal epidural abscess

MUDr. Mgr. Daniel Žingor, mim. prof. MUDr. Bruno Rudinský CSc, MUDr. Miloš Lampert

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):263-264  

Spinal epidural abscess is a very rare condition that may, in the case of delayed diagnosis and intervention, result in a serious or even permanent disability of the patient. In 2007, two patients were managed at the Department of Neurosurgery in Nové Zámky. Based on a comprehensive examination including neurological, radiological and laboratory studies, severe lower limb paraparesis/plegia was found which evolved within 24–48 hours with accompanying fever and elevated inflammatory markers (sedimentation rate, leukocytosis, elevated CRP). Magnetic resonance imaging showed a collection in the epidural space of the thoracic spine with compression...

Publikujeme v zahraničí

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):268  

Neurologové se ptají …

h. doc. MUDr. Vladimír Donáth PhD

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):266  

VI. sympozium praktické neurologie, 4.-5. 6. 2009, Brno

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor CSc

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):269  

Zpráva z pořádání neurologického kongresu

MUDr. David Doležil Ph.D

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(4):270