Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):59  

Sclerosis multiplex

doc. MUDr. Jarmila Szilasiová, PhD. – editorka hlavního tématu

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):64  

New perspective treatment of multiple sclerosis

doc. MUDr. Vladimír Donáth, CSc., MUDr. Silvia Laurincová

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):65-67  

The paper reviews the possible perspectives of new treatment strategies for multiple sclerosis (MS) with a focus on oral agents, monoclonal antibodies as well as DNA vaccines. A new generation of immunomodulatory drugs has been shown to be more effective for RR forms of MS in comparison with the established first-line DMT; however, it is still not beneficial in treating the progressive stage of the disease. The goal of new treatment strategies for MS is the introduction of individual therapy aimed at individual activity, disease aggressiveness, and specific immunology in particular patients. The review presents the results of preclinical and early...

Some biological and biochemical markers of multiple sclerosis

MUDr. Jozef Michalik, MUDr. Daniel Čierny, prof. RNDr. Ján Lehotský, DrSc., prof. MUDr. Egon Kurča, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):68-70  

This paper discusses the potential applicability of some biological markers (genetic markers, Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 antibody, vitamin D) for the diagnosis, disease activity, prediction of clinical courses and response to disease modifying therapies.

Impaired mobility in multiple sclerosis as a severe factor affecting quality of life

prof. MUDr. Zuzana Gdovinová, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):71-73  

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by increasing disability resulting from central nervous system inflammation, progressive demyelination, and axonal loss. Impaired mobility, and mostly impaired walking is suggested to be an important contributory factor to functional activity and independence of patients´ with MS. The functional dissability in MS patients occurs due to demyelination and degeneration of axons, which is associated with impaired conductivity. The purpose of this article to explain the role of natrium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels for the impulse conduction and possibilty to improvement conductivity by K+ channel...

Multiple sclerosis in children

doc. MUDr. Pavol Sýkora, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):74-76  

In 2–5% of patients, multiple sclerosis (MS) develops before the age of 16 years. The incidence of the paediatric form of MS is 0.3/100,000 in Germany. The aetiopathogenesis of MS involves genetic and environmental factors, previous infectious diseases, and immune system alterations. In children, the disease is rare and specific mechanisms in the immune and central nervous systems are implied that inhibit the manifestation of MS. The diagnosis of MS is established based on the clinical signs of a second attack along with MRI of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. The treatment of MS in children employs the principles of that in adults....

Magnetic resonance and sclerosis multiplex

MUDr. Monika Daňová, MUDr. Víťazoslav Belan, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):77-82  

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging started to be in exacting diagnostic process of multiple scleroris (MS) an important supporting examination method that in 2001 was included into diagnostic criteria (McDonald criteria SM 2001). Following these criteria passed a modification in 2005 and 2010 with an aim to increase their sensitivity at preserving their specificity. MR is at present the most used biomarker in the process of diagnosis, at determination of prognosis and monitoring of disease progression, using conventional and non conventional techniques. Into conventional techniques belong T1 weighted images without or with administration of a contrast...

Intracerebral hemorrhage and anticoagulation therapy

prof. MUDr. Roman Herzig, Ph.D., FESO

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):83-88  

Anticoagulation therapy is being used in the prevention and therapy of thrombosis and thromboembolism and of related complications, including the prevention of ischemic stroke. Warfarin, heparin (including low-molecular-weight one), but also new oral anticoagulants (e. g. dabigatran, rivaroxaban or apixaban) are being used most frequently for this purpose. The use of anticoagulants may be complicated by hemorrhage, including spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH). In the case of the occurrence of SICH in patient on oral anticoagulation, immediate discontinuation of anticoagulation and effort for the most rapid normalization of coagulation parameters...

Interdisciplinary cooperation in diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis

MUDr. Jiří Piťha

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):89-91  

Diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis requires multidisciplinary collaboration of specialists of different professions. Leading role is a neurologist specializing in issues neuroimmunology. However, the task is considerable practical neurologist, general practitioner, neuroradiology, ophthalmologist, urologist and other physicians specializing. A special role in the care of patients with multiple sclerosis have a center for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis. The aim of the cooperation is early diagnosis and optimal treatment.

Risks for creation of neuropathic post-thoracotomy pain

MUDr. Jan Procházka, Ph.D., MUDr. Vilém Malý

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):92-96  

Chronic post-thoracotomic pain is a serious problem in thoracic surgery, especially when accompanied with a neuropathic component. Neuropathic post-thoracotomic pain is usually based on intercostal nerve injury with subsequent central sensitization. This disorder is affected by several pre-operative, operative and post-operative factors, among them the most significant are the type and extent of surgical procedure and the mode of post-operative analgesia. Minimizing rib distractions during surgery and a multimodal pre-emptive analgesia employing thoracic continuous epidural analgesia and non-opioid analgesics are considered to be the most effective...

Quality of life and quality of working life in patients with multiple sclerosis

Ing. Veronika Mezerová, MUDr. Eva Meluzínová, MUDr. Ing. Lubomír Poušek, MBA

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):97-100  

An autoimmune, inflammatory, neurodegenerative disease with chronic progression, multiple sclerosis (MS), is the most frequent disease of productive young adults, which affects more women than men. It is a very treacherous chronic disease that often strikes the attack, when a man waits at least. MS has an impact on the quality of life; therefore it is necessary to study the changed quality of life due to illness. Because the MS is incurable disease and the number of patients is increasing, it is necessary to apply to their employment by economic and social perspective. Isolation of capable patients is even more stressful for them.

Kearns-Sayre syndrome

MUDr. Ján Latta, doc. MUDr. Josef Zámečník, Ph.D., MUDr. Petr Vojtíšek, CSc., doc. MUDr. Edvard Ehler, CSc., doc. MUDr. Tomáš Honzík, Ph.D., Ing. Markéta Tesařová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):102-104  

An adult woman developed ptosis with a progredient asymmetric ophthalmoplegia. Muscle weakness and fatigue followed later. In differential diagnostics there was necessary to discern neuromuscular transmission disorder, endocrinopathology, neuropathy or brainstem syndromes. Electromyography disclosed mild myogenic lesion. Changes characterizing a mitochondrial disorder were found in muscle biopsy. Deletions of mitochondrial DNA were detected and Kearns-Sayre syndrome was diagnosed.

Léčba Parkinsonovy nemoci

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):105-108  

Neurologové se ptají

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(2):110