Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc., FCMA, FANA

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(5):227  

Fyzikální příčiny nemocí z povolání

doc. MUDr. Edvard Ehler, CSc., doc. MUDr. Marie Nakládalová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(5):232-233  

Occupational carpal tunnel syndrome

MUDr. Eduard Minks, MUDr. Alexandra Minksová, prof. MUDr. Petr Brhel,CSc., MUDr. Viera Babičová

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(5):234-239  

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common mononeuropathy and the most common occupational disease the physicians can encounter in their practice. It is a compressive neuropathy in the wrist that occurs as a result of long-term, excessive and unilateral overload of the hand and wrist, due to vibration transmission to the hand or that is caused by diseases such as diabetes mellitus or thyroid disease. Clinically, this disease is most often characterized by paresthesia/dysesthesia of fingers 1 to 4 and by thenar atrophy. Electromyography is used to quantify the disability. Moderate degree of the disease is a boundary that determines the conservative versus...

Compressive ulnar nerve lesion of occupational origin

MUDr. Petr Ridzoň

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(5):240-242  

Compressive ulnar nerve lesions are the second most frequent focal mononeuropathies. The chronic traumatization and nerve damage can occur due to solid grip tools or leaning the elbow during workload in certain professions or grip equipment in sports. From the clinical point of view and according to the symptomatology the lesions can be divided into lesions localized proximally from the elbow, lesions in the elbow, lesions in region of Guyon‘s tunnel and lesions distal to the canal. The pressure lesions in the elbow are the most common ones. They are 10 times more frequent than the lesions in Guyon‘s tunnel. There are two possible sites...

Connective tissues diseases, tendon disorders used to be often associated with occupational activities

MUDr. Milan Richtr, CSc., doc. MUDr. Otakar Keller, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(5):244-248  

It has been proved occupational activities have to result in pathological conditions which are classified as occupational disease. Long- -lasting repeated movement often causes excessive loading of connective tissue, tendons and joints. It is known that adaptive disorder is important impulse participating in loading of affected components. Majority of occupational diseases are concentrated to regions of hands and forearms. Radial epicondilitis is the most frequent and typical example of occupational disease.

Vibration neuropathy

doc. MUDr. Edvard Ehler, CSc., MUDr. Zdenka Fenclová, CSc., Ing. Zdeněk Jandák, CSc., doc. MUDr. Pavel Urban, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(5):249-252  

Transmission of vibration from working tools to upper extremities can lead to the development of „Hand-arm vibration syndrome“. This syndrome is manifesting through intermitent white fingers, paresthesia and hypesthesia of affected fingers, gradually clumsy and weak fingers. The whiting of fingers lasts even tens minutes, though the endeavor to warm up the hand and fingers. Hand arm vibration syndrome consists of neurogennic, vascular and fibrous tissue changes. In the diagnostics the cold test, plethysmography and EMG (especially sensory and motor neurography) are used. An important component of therapy is avoidance of cold exposure, change...

Differential diagnosis of wrist pain from view of orthopedic surgeon

doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Pilný, Ph.D., MUDr. Jiří Štědrý, PhDr. Kateřina Čermáková, Mgr. Eva Hlaváčková, Ph.D., PhDr. Magda Taliánová

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(5):253-256  

The pain in the wrist affects the nerves in addition to disability accident conditions, such as injury to the bones and ligaments. Bone injuries are diagnosed, but the connective tissues are often overlooked and lead to instabilities that often may cause difficulties. If not treated properly instability underlying the development of degenerative changes of arthritis in the wrist. The authors are the most common disability wrist from the perspective of orthopedic surgeons, represent the clinical symptoms and treatment options. of the thumb.

Immunomodulatory properties of intravenous immunoglobulin

MUDr. Jiří Piťha

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(5):258-260  

Intravenous immunoglobulin is a biological product, manufactured from plasma of healthy donors. Its relative safety and complete immunomodulatory effects affect its consumption rising in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, notably in neurology. This review article summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of intravenous immunoglobulin with respect to different fragments of immunoglobulin molecules G.

Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis

doc. MUDr. Manuela Vaněčková, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Seidl, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(5):261-267  

Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, is the most important paraclinical test for diagnostics of multiple sclerosis, MS. Equally important role of MRI is a prediction of future clinical status and lifelong monitoring of disease activity and response to its treatment. MRI also provides important information at the unveiling of pathological processes which occur in MS. Detection T2 hypersignal lesions in the white matter was the first pathology, which was correlated with clinical disability. In addition to bearing impairment of white matter, pathology can be detected even in normally appearing white matter; the topography of disability being investigated...

Polymyositis

prof. MUDr. Jiří Vencovský, DrSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(5):268-272  

Polymyositis is a rare disease manifesting with muscle weakness located particularly to proximal parts of extremities. A number of patients have also extramuscular manifestations, such as dysphagia, interstitial lung disease or arthritis. Muscle biopsy shows endomysial inflammatory infiltrate and MHC class I hyperexpression on muscle cells, EMG displays myogenic findings, and usually CK and/or other muscle enzyme levels are elevated. Detection of serum autoantibodies is diagnostically and prognostically helpful since some of them are specific for myositis and typical for particular clinical situations, such as antisynthetase syndrome. Many patients...

Escalation therapy with fingolimod in a patient with familial multiple sclerosis. A case report

MUDr. Jiří Piťha

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(5):274-277  

The article reports on the management of a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in daily clinical practice. The first-choice treatment with interferon beta 1a had initially appeared successful; due to a rising level of neutralizing antibodies and a negative induction test with myxovirus resistance protein A, the patient was switched to glatiramer acetate. He developed local intolerance to treatment at its initiation. Two severe relapses with an increase in EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) of 2 points occurred. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed two enhancing foci on postcontrast images. We suppose that increased...

Improving quality of life in advanced stage Parkinson's disease with intraduodenal levodopa infusions

MUDr. Martin Nevrlý, Ph.D., Renata Coufalová, MUDr. Eva Čecháková, prof. MUDr. Petr Kaňovský, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(5):278-280  

Advanced stage of idiopathic Parkinson's disease is characterized particularly by motor fluctuations. These often cannot be controlled even when all the options of oral pharmacotherapy are utilized. One of the management options is then to use continuous intestinal L-DOPA infusions providing a more stable plasma concentration of L-DOPA. L-DOPA intestinal gel is administered by means of a portable pump and a tube that is inserted via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy directly into the terminal part of the duodenum where L-DOPA is resorbed. The effect of this treatment and its benefit in terms of improving motor fluctuations and thus the quality of...

Za Robertem Kubou

Ivan Rektor

Neurol. praxi. 2014;15(5):282