Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc., FCMA, FANA

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2)  

Úvod k hlavnímu tématu

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc., FCMA, FANA – editor hlavního tématu

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2):69  

News in farmacological treatment of epilepsy

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc., FCMA, FANA, MUDr. Ondřej Strýček

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2):70-73  

The newest generation of antiepileptic drugs (AE), available since 2010, is reviewed: Eslicarbazepine – Zebinix®, Lacosamide – Vimpat®, Perampanel – Fycompa®, Retigabine – Trobalt®. The indication of treatment with retigabin was revised after finding adverse effects, especially of blue pigmentation of retina and nowadays is used only exceptionally. The other AE are beneficial for add-on therapy of partial and secondarily generalized seizures. The drugs are effective with minimal adverse effects. Their interactive potential is low and are suitable for combination with majority of other AE. Their pharmacokinetics...

Treating epilepsy and epilepsy syndromes in children

doc. MUDr. Pavol Sýkora, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2):74-76  

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease characterized by seizures and a persistent predisposition to developing them as well as by neurobiological, cognitive, and psychosocial consequences of this condition. Epilepsy is not a nosological entity; it is a group of conditions with varying aetiology, clinical presentation, course, and treatment. The goal of antiepileptic treatment is to achieve a seizure-free state, without affecting mental and physical performance. Treatment is predominantly pharmacological, using antiepileptics. The choice of an antiepileptic drug depends on the type of seizures, but in particular on the type of epilepsy or epilepsy syndrome....

Transformations of epilepsy surgery in the 21st century

prof. MUDr. Milan Brázdil, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2):77-79  

Modern epilepsy surgery is going through significant changes that can ultimately result in the ability to offer help to most pharmacoresistant patients. These changes can be observed not only with respect to improved preoperative diagnosis, but particularly in terms of an expanding spectrum of epilepsy surgery procedures. There is a clear worldwide trend to use modern resection procedures even in more complicated MRI-nonlesional patients who previously would have almost automatically been excluded from surgical treatment. Of essential importance is also the advent of neurostimulation methods, in particular vagus nerve stimulation and, more recently,...

Differential diagnosis of epilepsy and epileptic seizures

doc. MUDr. Vladimír Donáth, CSc., Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2):80-83  

Differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures can be a complicated matter. Misdiagnosis of epilepsy is not uncommon. Even in tertiary epilepsy centres, misdiagnosis of epilepsy occurs in 20% to 30% of cases. In terms of differential diagnosis, essentially the most important step is a thorough history, ideally from an eye witness, or a recording of the seizure on a mobile phone. In more complex cases, neuroimaging studies as well as video-EEG monitoring are beneficial. The article presents a brief overview of the clinical conditions with which epilepsy can be confused in the clinical practice, and of the options of distinguishing them from epileptic seizures.

Treatment of Parkinson’s disease with levodopa in continuous enteral infusion

MUDr. Jiří Klempíř, Ph.D., MUDr. Petra Havránková, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Robert Jech, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2):84-87  

Frequent complications seen in Parkinson´s disease patients receiving long-term oral levodopa treatment are motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Continuous drug delivery, providing continuous dopaminergic stimulation, is crucial for achieving sufficient quality of life in advanced stage of disease. Patients who are not eligible for deep brain stimulation or subcutaneous infusion of apomorphin can be treated with enteral infusion of levodopa. In this review we summarizes basic information for neurologists, medical staff, patients and caregivers who have no or little experience with treatment of levodopa in continuous enteral infusion. Duodopa.

Smell and taste disorders occur in many neurological diseases

doc. MUDr. Edvard Ehler, CSc., MUDr. Jan Vodička, Ph.D., MUDr. Hana Faitlová

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2):88-91  

Smell and taste disorders occur in many neurological diseases. The authors present a short overview of chemosensory perception testing. Chemosensory perception encompasses not only smell and taste, but all trigeminal nerve mediated perception from nasal and oral mucosa. Chemosensory perception disorders occur only rarely in some mononeuropathies, but they are substantially more frequent in polyneuropathies. Disorders of chemosensory perception are very often documented in metabolic (diabetes mellitus) or toxic (organic solvents, heavy metals, some medicaments) polyneuropathies. Taste disordes are relatively often found in autoimmune mediated polyneuropathies...

Hereditary neuropathy

MUDr. Radim Mazanec, Ph.D., MUDr. Veronika Potočková, MUDr. Tomáš Nedělka, MUDr. Dana Šafka Brožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Petra Laššuthová, Ph.D., RNDr. Jana Neupauerová, MUDr. Jana Haberlová, Ph.D., MUDr. Pavel Smetana, doc. MUDr. Alena Kobesová Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Pavel Seeman, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2):92-98  

Hereditary neuropathy is a most common inherited neuromuscular disease. The most common subtype is called Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and affect motor and sensory nerve fibers and the prevalence is approximately 40 individuals in every 100 000. In most cases clinical symptoms involves atrophies of distal feet muscles, feet deformities and absent ankle reflexes. The classification is based on nerve conduction velocity – typ 1- demyelinating – motor conduction velocity is less than 38 m/s and type 2 – axonal – motor conduction velocity is above 38 m/s. The molecular geneticists discovered more than 60 genes with different causative...

Pregabalin in treating neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury

MUDr. Veronika Hyšperská, MUDr. Jiří Kříž, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2):100-102  

The authors present two case reports of female patients with neuropathic pain due to spinal injury. In both cases, the management was inappropriate, which had a negative impact on the ability to complete activities of daily living, on psyche as well as on career opportunities. After adjusting the medication and initiation of pregabalin, there has been a relief of neuropathic symptoms and improvement in the quality of life.

Clinically isolated syndrome and treatment with glatiramer acetate

MUDr. Radek Ampapa, MUDr. Vladislav Cunder, MUDr. Martin Svárovský

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2):103-106  

This case report presents a patient with clinically isolated syndrome who has been treated with glatiramer acetate for nearly four years. The diagnosis was made based on the findings on magnetic resonance imaging and in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as according to a typical clinical course. The treatment was initiated after a short period of administration of interferon beta that had to be terminated due to the development of hepatopathy. The patient has had no further attacks while being treated with glatiramer acetate. Although the initial neurological signs were consistent with a severe relapse, there has been no progression of disability. Magnetic...

Encephalitis of unclear origin with suspected Epstein-Barr virus aetiology

MUDr. Anna Šefčíková, MUDr. Miloslav Dvorák, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2):108-110  

The present case report describes a 50-year-old female patient two years after kidney transplantation on permanent immunosuppressive therapy who suddenly developed reversible dementia syndrome. Given the 14-3-3 protein positivity and a history of organ transplant from an unknown donor, a diagnosis of prion infection was taken into consideration, among other things. The subsequent reversal of the clinical course with a relatively sudden abatement of symptoms supported the diagnosis of atypically proceeding neuroinfection without demonstration of the aetiological agent. During follow-up, the patient experienced recurrence of symptoms a month later, with...

Je syndrom neklidných nohou samostatné onemocnění nebo symptom jiných chorob?

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2):113-114  

Padesát let prof. MUDr. Milana Brázdila, Ph.D., FCMA

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc., FCMA, FANA

Neurol. praxi. 2015;16(2):118