Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(1):3  

Autoimunitní polyneuropatie

doc. MUDr. Peter Špalek, PhD. – editor hlavního tématu

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(1):10 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.002  

Guillain-Barré polyradiculoneuritis

MUDr. František Cibulčík, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(1):11-15 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.003  

Guillain–Barré syndrome is a disease most commonly associated with symmetric limb weakness, hyporeflexia, and peak manifestations occurring within four weeks of onset. A more modern classification characterizes the disease according to the type and localization of neural structure injury – demyelinating injury in AIDP, axonal injury in AMAN and AMSAN, and typical manifestations in Miller Fisher syndrome. The disease is due to immunogenic-related neural structure injury occurring as a result of the combination of causative factors (e.g., previous infection) and the patient's predisposition to injury. The diagnosis of the disease is based...

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy

prof. MUDr. Josef Bednařík, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(1):16-21 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.004  

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a chronic dysimmune polyneuropathy. It belongs to rare diseases, as the prevalence is reported between 0.8–8.9/100 000. Progression of signs and symptoms beyond 2 months represents the key diagnostic criterion. Motor signs and symptoms usually prevails to sensory ones. Beside typical form of CIDP representing 2/3 of cases the wide clinical spectrum of CIDP comprises also atypical forms, the most frequent being s.c Lewis-Sumner syndrome (15% of cases) and a sensory form (10% of cases). Diagnostics of CIDP is based, in addition to clinical criteria and course, on electrodiagnostic criteria...

Multifocal motor neuropathy

doc. MUDr. Peter Špalek, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(1):22-27 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.005  

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is an acquired immune-mediated neuropathy characterized by chronic or stepwise progressive asymmetrical limb weakness without sensory deficits. The upper extremities are more often affected than the lower extremities with distal paresis dominating over proximal paresis. MMN is typically characterized by conduction block most likely caused by focal demyelination. Novel morphological and electrophysiological findings highlight the importance of axonal degeneration and impaired axon-myelin interactions. This paper aims at providing a concise overview on clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of MMN. Cardinal, supportive...

Paraproteinaemic neuropathies

MUDr. Monika Turčanová Koprušáková, PhD., prof. MUDr. Egon Kurča, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(1):28-33 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.006  

There is a wide range of different types of neuropathies that are associated with abnormal immunoglobulin production. They are referred to as paraproteinaemic or dysproteinaemic neuropathies. Paraproteinaemia is a heterogeneous disease in which monoclonal gammopathy can essentially represent a benign process referred to as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). On the other hand, monoclonal gammopathy can point out to the presence of a systemic haematological malignancy. The main diagnoses often linked with peripheral neuropathy include: Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM), POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy,...

Stroke and Sleep related breathing disorders

MUDr. Pavel Matuška, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Tomáš Kára, Ph.D., MUDr. Stanislava Koliesková, doc. MUDr. Robert Mikulík, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(1):35-39 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.007  

Sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD) are characterized by nocturnal hypoxemia. This hypoxemia induces sympathetic activation and consequently leads to cardiovascular complications. Untreated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a risk factor for obesity, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias and stroke. SRBD may also arise as a result of stroke. The following article will discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of SRBD in relation to stroke. Raise of awareness about the relationship between SRBDDB and stroke should lead to the improvement of primary and secondary prevention of stroke and in...

Dark shadows of medicine

MUDr. Tomáš Vodvářka

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(1):40-43 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.008  

For more than 2,500 years, the medical profession has demonstrably had well-established rules to guide the approach and behaviour to the sick and suffering. However, in the last century in totalitarian regimes, professional failure occurred in many physicians – even the very educated and distinguished ones – that was manifested by the absence of adherence to centuries-old rules and by the support of or even active participation in the killing of the so-called "racially inferior". Even in the present day, a physician must overcome various pitfalls, in order not to betray his mission of being the one to help the sick with his knowledge and...

Respiratory physiotherapy as part of treatment for Parkinson's disease

Mgr. Kamila Bartusíková, PhDr. Zdeňka Krhutová, Ph.D., MUDr. Pavel Ressner, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(1):45-48 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.009  

The article presents the results of a pilot study aimed at finding out whether respiratory physiotherapy can affect respiratory and postural function of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The study was conducted on a group of PD patients who were selected on the basis of clinical examination and referral by a physician from the unit for extrapyramidal disorders. The individuals enrolled were classified as stage 2–3 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale and were divided into three groups: two experimental ones and one control group. The therapy was based on the assumption that, due to disease symptoms, both postural and respiratory functions are insufficient...

The effects of constraint-induced movement therapy on patients with hemiparesis in the chronic stage of illness

Mgr. Karin Laská, MUDr. Mgr. Tomáš Bauko

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(1):51-55 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.010  

The Aim: The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of constraint induced movement therapy on patients with hemiparesis. Material and method: 34 patients that underwent the combinet therapy (standard rehabilitation + constraint induced movement therapy) and 14 patients that underwent standard rehabilitation after a stroke in chronic stage of disease got involved in our pilot study. With patients admitted to the constraint induced movement therapy and to a control group we observed the quality with MAL (QOM) – motor activity log (quality of movement) test and quantity of using the weaker upper limb with MAL (AOU) – motor activity log...

Suprascapular neuropathy in a child

MUDr. Zdeňka Bálintová, MUDr. Lenka Mrázová, doc. MUDr. Hana Ošlejšková, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(1):56-58 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.011  

Entrapment syndromes are a very common cause of mononeuropathies of the upper extremity nerves. While the carpal or cubital tunnel syndromes are relatively frequent, entrapment syndrome of the suprascapular nerve is very rare. The authors present a case report of a 13-year-old patient with injury to the suprascapular nerve in the spinoglenoid notch region that was manifested only by atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle. The patient's condition improved gradually with conservative therapy.

Remyelination in multiple sclerosis, neuroprotective potential of glatiramer acetate and laquinimode

doc. MUDr. Pavel Štourač, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(1):60-62 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.012  

Glatiramer acetate and laquinimode are effective drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.Glatiramer acetate and laquinimode exert significant not only anti-inflammatory effects but also important effects on remyelination and neuroprotection.

Teriflunomide in treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis - immunomodulatory mechanisms

doc. MUDr. Vojtěch Thon, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(1):63-66 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.013  

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system through demyelination and neurodegeneration. Autoreactive lymphocytes penetrate the blood-brain barrier to attack the nervous system. Teriflunomide has recently been approved as a treatment of relapsing forms of MS. The main therapeutic effect is considered to be mediated via the inhibition of the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine leading to a reduction in proliferation of activated T and B cells without causing cell death. Vaccination with inactivated vaccines is possible during treatment with teriflunomide and leads to sufficient immune response.