Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc., FCMA, FANA

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):235  

Novinky v zobrazování

prof. MUDr. Manuela Vaněčková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):240-242 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.101  

Advances in imaging and diagnosing autoimmune and inflammatory diseases

prof. MUDr. Manuela Vaněčková, Ph.D., MUDr. Petra Nytrová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):243-250 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.102  

The paper introduces the reader to advances in diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) as well as presentsa not very well known entity referred to as CLIPPERS – chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancementresponsive to steroids as seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the recent two years, the support of MS diagnosis usingMRI has been discussed in order for the criteria to be as simple as possible while being highly sensitive with a sustained specificity.In December 2017, the latest revision to the McDonald criteria was published. The article coherently presents the latest revisionto...

MR imaging in extrapyramidal diseases

prof. MUDr. Josef Vymazal, D.Sc., MUDr. Petra Havránková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):251-255 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.103  

The article provides an overview of diagnostic options and basic differential diagnostic approaches for extrapyramidal diseasesusing magnetic resonance imaging. It aims at distinguishing between Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromesas well as describes the characteristic presentation of Huntington’s disease and Wilson’s disease on magnetic resonance imaging.Moreover, chronic subdural haematoma and normal pressure hydrocephalus are discussed as part of a broader differential diagnosis.

Computed tomography in acute ischemic stroke

MUDr. Jan Vinklárek, MUDr. Michal Haršány, MUDr. Petra Cimflová, doc. MUDr. Robert Mikulík, Ph.D., MUDr. Ondřej Volný, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):256-261 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.043  

Brain computed tomography (CT) is the most widely used and widespread imaging method in acute (vascular) neurology. Non-contrastbrain CT, CT angiography, and CT perfusion represent important imaging tools, complementary to clinical examination andpatients history, helping in diagnosis and decision-making on subsequent therapy. The main aim of this article is to summarizeCT imaging modalities, which are used in routine clinical practise.

Glatiramer acetate in clinically isolated syndrome and its early onset of effect

MUDr. Jiří Piťha

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):262-266 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2019.011  

The article describes the practical experience in the treatment of clinically isolated syndrome, documented by a case report ofa young woman. Prior to switching to glatiramer acetate and its pregnancy, the non-effectable side effects of interferon beta-1bpersisted. Hypothyroidism has been demonstrated and progression of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain without clinicalprogression. Risks of treatment are discussed, depending on pregnancy, co-morbidity, transition from other therapy, persistenceto treatment, and onset of action. Glatiramer acetate is currently the drug with the most favorable risk of treatment and its benefit.Recent clinical trals...

Multiple sclerosis: treatment, monitoring, activity and disability

MUDr. Zbyšek Pavelek, doc. MUDr. Martin Vališ, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):267-270 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.104  

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease which affect central nervous system. Treatment initiation ofearly multiple sclerosis may postpone thie development of disease progression and disablement. Goal of MS treatment is statewithout cninical and sublinical markers of diseasety aktivity, state known as NEDA (No Evidence of Disease Activity). This work isconcerned with treatment of MS, monitoring and predictors of treatment.

Intravenous immunoglobulin in treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

doc. MUDr. Peter Špalek, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):271-275 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.105  

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) belongs to chronic dysimmune (autoimmune) polyneuropathies.Cardinal clinical criterion is a steadily or stepwise progression of 2 months or more of symmetrical proximal and distal muscleweakness, with altered sensation and hyporeflexia or areflexia. CIDP is diagnosed according to clinical (inclusive, exclusive),electrophysiological and supportive criteria which are a result of a joint task force of the European Federation of NeurologicalSocieties/Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) in 2010. First choice treatment in the beginning of therapy is intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) or corticosteroids....

Pharmacotherapy of multiple sclerosis in light of the necessary costs associated with prescribing the indicated drug

MUDr. Jiří Slíva, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):276-278 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.106  

Multiple sclerosis is a serious neurological disease with the potential to significantly interfere with the patient's daily activities. Inrecent years, there has been an unpredictable increase in the supply of medicines with innovative mechanisms of action that offerthe chance to patients for the significantly longer sustained quality of life. However, their prescription also brings some additionalcosts in terms of the requirement for ongoing patient investigation / monitoring, etc. The aim of this article is to find out and defacto draw the differences in this area among the registered drugs of the individual treatment lines.

The treatment of severe pain which does not react to nonopioid analgesic drugs

MUDr. Eva Hegmonová

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):279-283 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.107  

Pain is subjective perception a and the effective management of chronic pain is fundamental goal for the people , who treat thepain. Chronic pain is describe like two basic kinds of pain – nociceptive and neuropathic pain., wich appears separatly or in combination.The World Health Organisation (WHO) developer outlines the tree-step analgesic lader these opioids in the managementof cancer pain, and these are widely accepted and extensively validated guidelines heve been influential in the aplplication ofopioidy therapy for treatment of chronic, non-malignant pain.The morfin is the main representative such potent opioids and plays an important...

Pharmacotherapy of cognitive dysfunction in depressive disorder

prof. MUDr. Eva Češková, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):284-288 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.057  

Cognitive dysfunction frequently occurs in acute depression and can persist into remission. Cognitive impairments impacts onpatient functioning and negatively influence ability to perform adequately at work. As evidenced by the results of numerousstudies drugs with anticholinergic effect (e.g. tricyclic antidepressants) may adversly affect cognitive functions. The most frequentlyprescribed antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may improve cognitivy dysfunction in depression.Agents also including a noradrenergic component such as selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitorts appear tobe more effective in respect to cognitive...

Robot assisted rehabilitation in post stroke patients with upper limb paresis

MUDr. Šárka Daňková, doc. MUDr. Dalibor Pastucha, Ph.D., MBA

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):290-293 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2019.054  

The aim of this article is to give the insight to the field of robot assisted rehabilitation in patiens with post stroke upper limbparesis. The article provides the reader with basic classification of robotic devices and summarizes actual scientific evidence andthe perspective of their use in the future.

Dysphagia screening – experiences with introduction of dysphagia screening in patients with neurological disorders

Mgr. Marie Kaniová, Ph.D., Mgr. Barbora Kopecká, MUDr. Karol Zeleník, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Michal Bar, Ph.D., FESO, MUDr. Barbora Kurková, MUDr. Pavel Ressner, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Pavel Komínek, Ph.D., MBA

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):294-297 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.108  

Swallowing disorders can lead to many health complications. Dysphagia is not always recognized, therefore screening methodsare used for detection of patients with potential swallowing problems. Overall, 1051 adult patients underwent screening forswallowing disorders at Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ostrava during 2013. The screening was performedusing the tool "Screening of swallowing disorders by nurse" introduced by Mandysova. This screening consists of a few simple,easily workable and repeatable steps. In the article authors refer about their experience with implementation of screening ofswallowing disorders, point out the problem...

Neuropathic pain in a patient with autoimmune polyneuropathy (case report)

MUDr. Nela Kopecká, doc. MUDr. Edvard Ehler, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):298-301 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.039  

Neuropathic pain is a serious problem in patients with systemic disease and leads to significant limitation of the functional status.The case presented here describes patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with the development of autoimmune neuropathyand neuropathic pain with allodynia following herpes infection of the lungs. Pacient uses high doses of gabapentin in order toachieve relief of neuropatic pain with very good tolerance and without side effects.

Nationwide screening of Pompe disease in patients with unspecified muscle weakness, hyperCKemia,
and respiratory insufficiency

MUDr. Lívie Mensová, MUDr. Olesja Parmová

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):306-308  

Pompe disease (type II glycogenosis) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary metabolic disorder. The course of the disease andthe overall survival time can be influenced by enzyme replacement therapy. Neuromuscular Centers in Prague and in Brno areimplementing a project aimed at detecting new Pompe disease cases and providing the newly diagnosed patients with dispensarycare and substitution therapy.

PRÁVNÍ PORADNA

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):309-310  

Cévní mozková příhoda při disekci pravé vnitřní karotidy

MUDr. Irena Doležalová, Ph.D., MUDr. Marta Pažourková, MUDr. Viktor Weiss, prof. MUDr. Milan Brázdil, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):302-303 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.109  

Georges Gilles de la Tourette (1857–1904)

MUDr. Sandra Kurčová, prof. MUDr. Petr Kaňovský, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(4):304-305