Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc., FCMA, FANA, FEAN

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):399  

Úvod k hlavnímu tématu „kognitivně-behaviorální neurologie”

prof. MUDr. Irena Rektorová, Ph.D. – editorka hlavní tématu

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):404  

Memory disorders and neuropsychological memory tests in clinical practice

Mgr. et Mgr. Tomáš Nikolai, Ph.D., Mgr. Ondřej Bezdíček, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):405-410 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.129  

Memory is one of the most widely studied cognitive domains. In clinical practice, it is of importance to know the basic typesof memory classification and to be familiar with the selection of memory tests. Diagnosing memory disorders requires specificskills that should stem from a good knowledge of memory disorders and of their most frequent causes. The main emphasis inroutine neuropsychological memory testing is placed on administering specific screening or complex memory tests; however,observation and an interview with both the patient and his or her carers also play a significant role.

Language and behavioral disturbance in primary progressive aphasia

doc. MUDr. Robert Rusina, Ph.D., prof. PaedDr. Zsolt Cséfalvay, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):411-416 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.130  

Primary progressive aphasias (PPA) are neurodegenerative diseases with isolated language impairment and later progression intodementia. PPA include three clinical subtypes with different clinical manifestation and underlying neuropathology. The nonfluent/agrammatic variant has the lowest language production with apraxia of speech and mostly belongs to tauopathies; the hallmarkof the semantic variant is a progressive loss of the meanings of words resulting in severe impairment of language comprehension,the underlying cause is mostly a TDP-43 proteinopathy; and the logopenic variant is typically manifesting with reducedsentence repetition and anomia,...

Disorders of language processes in patients with Parkinson's disease without dementia

prof. PaedDr. Zsolt Cséfalvay, PhD., Mgr. Petra Jánošková

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):417-420 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.131  

In the vast majority of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), speech disorders are manifested in terms of speech intelligibility(hypokinetic dysarthria) and voice disorders that have a negative impact on their communication in daily life. In addition to voiceand speech disorders, language processes are often also affected, which can influence language production as well as comprehension.Patients with Parkinson's disease, even without dementia, often have trouble finding words in the mental lexicon, and thusalso in the generation of complex sentences, as well as in the decoding of syntactically more complex sentences. Research andmonitoring of these...

Noninvasive brain stimulation in behavioral and cognitive neurology

Mgr. Monika Pupíková, Mgr. Patrik Šimko, Mgr. Luboš Brabenec, prof. MUDr. Irena Rektorová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):421-425 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.132  

Noninvasive brain stimulation brings alternative insight into rehabilitation and treatment of neurological diseases. The researchmoved forward in recent years. Based on clinical controlled studies there seems to be clinically meaningful effect in differentgroups of neurological patients with no serious side effects. Methods were so far clinically approved only for treatment of medicallyresistant depression, but studies indicate potential future use also in a therapy of depressive symptoms caused by otherdiseases, rehabilitation of aphasia or cognitive symptoms in early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. In the current review,the reader is briefly...

Bruxism and other sleep-related movement disorders

doc. MUDr. Iva Příhodová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):426-430 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2017.034  

Sleep-related movement disorders are simple, non-purposeful and usually stereotyped movements that occur at sleep onset orduring sleep. In some cases they represent transient or insignificant symptom without any health consequences. But they can alsocause insomnia, worsening of sleep quality or lead to injury. Bruxism and sleep-related leg cramps are very frequent. Sleep-relatedrhythmic movement disorder, propriospinal myoclonus at sleep onset and benign sleep myoclonus of infancy are less common.The definition of these disorders, clinical picture, diagnostics and therapy are summarized in the article.

Comparison of the safety and monitoring DMD´s of the first-and-a-half escalation therapy –
dimethyl fumarat, fingolimod, cladribin, ocrelizumab

MUDr. Eva Kmeťová

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):431-434 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.150  

Treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) has been progressing tremendously over recent years. In the light ofexpanding treatment options for patients with multiple sclerosis, the issue of safety and monitoring has become an importantpart of the decision-making process when choosing a suitable treatment. Properly selected therapy is important for patients’adherence and effective therapy. This article focuses on the safety and monitoring of patients treated with DMDs of the „firstand-a-half” escalation line.

Treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain

MUDr. Jan Lejčko

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):440-445 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.133  

Neuropathic pain is frequently refractory chronic pain condition representing a significant burden for patiens and healthcaresystem. Epidemiological studies estimate that as many as 7–10 % of adults in the general population have pain with neuropathiccharacteristics. Neuropathic pain differs from nociceptive pain, requires different therapeutic approach and continues to bechallenge. Several evidenced-based recomendations for pharmacological treatments have been published. However, results ofcurrent available pharmacotherapy are unsatisfactory – more than 50 % of patients experience only partial or no relief of theirpain. Hence, in the cases...

Cardiac myxoma as a cause of ischaemic stroke in a young pacient

MUDr. Dana Dohnalová

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):446-449 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.134  

Stroke is one of the most common causes of morbidity, mortality and invalidity in the Czech Republic. The incidence of stroke is241/100,000 individuals per year. Ischaemic stroke represents about 85 %. The occurence of stroke is significantly dependent onthe age of the patient. About 2,5 % of all ischaemic strokes occur among patients under the age of 45. Less usual causes of strokeare in this age category more frequent. Most of them are treatable, that is why it is important to be aware of them. One of therarer causes of ischaemic stroke is cardiac myxoma. If it is not treated, the cardiac myxoma endangers the patient by the reccuranceof stroke, or...

Ultrasound diagnosis of benign peripheral nerve tumors in upper limbs – case report of 4 patients

MUDr. Eduard Minks, Ph.D., MUDr. Hana Streitová, MUDr. Zdeněk Mackerle, MUDr. Alexandra Minksová, prof. MUDr. Markéta Hermanová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):450-455 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2019.022  

We present four cases of patients with benign peripheral nerve tumors in the upper limbs that were diagnosed with ultrasound.Two cases were identified as schwannoma and the other two as intraneural perineurioma. Clinically, the patients had progressivefocal resistance at the site of the presumed course of the nerve, with three of the cases exhibiting progressive neuropathy. The aimof this article is to highlight peripheral nerve ultrasonography as a suitable first-choice screening method for a suspected tumorof the peripheral nervous system. The article includes a basic overview and case studies with abundant pictorial documentation.

Teriflunomide in young women

MUDr. Petra Praksová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):436-439 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.151  

Teriflunomide is medicine used for treatment of relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis. It is administered as oral tablet once daily.Its safety profile and effectiveness were verified in four clinical trials and is supported with 13 years of clinical experience. Medicineis well tolerated by patients, adverse effects are mostly mild to moderate. This article shows on important data for clinical practiceespecially focused on treatment of young women, that are necessary to consider before and during treatment with teriflunomide.

Extrapyramidová onemocnění v českém a československém odborném písemnictví
Část I.
Parkinsonova nemoc a parkinsonské syndromy, 1900–1945

doc. MUDr. Kateřina Menšíková, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Karel Urbánek, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):456-461  

National registry of patients with multiple sclerosis (ReMuS): How did we change over the first five years of data collection

doc. MUDr. Dana Horáková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):467-472  

Multiple Sclerosis is a serious neurological illness affecting approximately 20,000 patients in the Czech Republic. Without treatment,the majority of patients develop a severe disability. Although there is still no cure for the disease, we can at least slowdown its progress thanks to modern, but costly therapy. The modern drugs are undoubtfully more effective; however, they alsopose a higher risk of developing various adverse events that must be carefully monitored. The basics of proper patient treatmentmanagement primarily rely on the data from the registration studies as well as the data regarding the treatment effectivity andsafety obtained from...

Keeping and handling medical records

JUDr. Šárka Špeciánová

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):462-465  

The issue of the keeping and handling of medical records is faced by physicians on everyday basis. The article presents the legislationin force for keeping medical records. Attention is paid to practical aspects such as when and under what conditions healthcare professionals are obliged to breach the broadly-defined confidentiality. This area is governed by various legal provisionswhich define the obligation to provide information from medical records.

Martin Bareš mladým padesátníkem

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(6):473-474