Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor CSc

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):67  

O neuropsychiatrii…

prof. MUDr. Peter Kukumberg Ph.D

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):72-74  

Depressive disorders in selected neurological affections

MUDr. Radovan Hrubý

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):75-79  

Depressive disorder is one of the most frequently occuring mental disorders. The course of depression is often complicated by relapses, recurrence, chronicity and subsyndromic manifestations. Depressive disorder occurs independently of other somatic or mental conditions. Also, we distinguish so called organic or symptomatic depressive disorder accompanying many somatic disorders and being recognized as the most common neuropsychiatric comorbidity. It often occurs in strokes, Alzheimer´s disease and other dementias, Parkinson´s disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders. It is well known, clinical features of depressive...

Neuropsychobiology of suicide

prof. MUDr. Peter Kukumberg Ph.D

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):80-82  

Suicide is a fatal act of ultra-extreme judgement, determination, and conduct. It appears as a destructive antipole of the instinct of self-preservation or as a terrifying self-execution of an individual being one‘s own judge, advocate, and executioner. In causal and empirical terms, it most commonly occurs with a depressive disorder, schizophrenia, decompensated abuse, conditions following spinal cord trauma, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson‘s disease, Huntington‘s disease, and epilepsy. It does not occur among animals. There is no systemic prevention. Numerous but inconclusive findings (mostly post mortem) indicate that neurotransmitters...

Neuroplasticity

doc. MUDr. Alojz Rakús

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):83-85  

Neuroplasticity is a fundamental and critically important mechanism of neuronal functioning by which the brain receives and processes information while adapting and modifying itself in an interaction of its genetically determined variations and environmental stimuli. The paper presents an overview of elementary mechanisms of neuronal plasticity, particularly at a molecular level, as well as of their possible transformation into more complex brain activity.

Back pain as a psychological problem

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Kadaňka CSc

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):86-90  

This contribution addresses the challenge of chronic non-specific lower back pain (LBP), a matter often accompanied by a degree of unpleasantness for family doctors, vertebrologists, and many other carers. LBP sufferers search various segments of the health care system with considerable energy, sometimes approaching the point of abuse. Most physicians approach this problem through the so-called „biological” model of pain, i. e. by means of imaging and other diagnostic work-up they try to identify the pathological issue leading to the pain and remove it by pharmaceutical and/or surgical means. This classic model has not proved appropriate...

New perspectives for botulinum toxin

doc. MUDr. Edvard Ehler CSc

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):91-93  

Botulinum toxin nowadays represents an important contribution to the treatment of several motor disorders – spasticity, dystonia, hyperkinetic syndromes, tremor. In a lesser extent botulinum toxin is used in smooth muscle dysfunction (e. g. urine bladder hyperfunctional syndromes, oesophagus achalazia) and in hyperfuctional autonomic syndromes (e.g. hyperhidrosis, hypersalivation). We suppose that the therapeutical use of botulinum toxin will include new indications of motor system hyperfunctional syndromes, in visceral disorders, dysfunctions of autonomic nervous system and new indications in various pain syndromes. In this review article...

Modern rational treatment of epilepsy

prof. MUDr. Milan Brázdil Ph.D

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):94-100  

Epilepsy treatment went through a substantial evolution in the last years, which obviously improved prognosis of the patients, but simultaneously strongly increased demands on disease management from the viewpoint of the medical professionals. Contemporary management of epilepsy patients requires highly complex and rational approach. The treatment always has to be „tailored“ to the need of individual patient. Regarding the pharmacological treatment choice we should prefer maximal effectivity and tolerability of the antiepileptic drugs before economic factors. In patients resistant to the pharmacotherapy an early assessment of epilepsy...

Pompe‘s disease in the Czech Republic - blood-screening project in risk patients using a „dried blood spot“

doc. MUDr. Hana Ošlejšková, Ph.D, MUDr. Štefania Rusnáková, MUDr. Stanislav Voháňka, CSc., MBA, MUDr. Eva Slouková

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):102-106  

Pompe disease (PD, type 2 glycogenosis, GSD II, acid maltase deficiency) is a progressive genetic disorder caused by the deficiency of lysosomal enzyme with the glycogen accumulation particularly in the skeletal and cardiac muscles. Its incidence is 1:40 000 births and occurs both in childhood and adult age. The disease prognosis is unfavourable, even catastrophic in an infantile form, but its course can be relieved and the patients´ as well as their families´ life quality improved thanks to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). In the Czech Republic there was initiated last year a project of examining a risk group of patients with PD by screening...

Pathological gambling in patients with Parkinson‘s disease

MUDr. Tomáš Gescheidt, doc. MUDr. Martin Bareš Ph.D

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):107-110  

The clinical presentation of Parkinson‘s disease (PD) is hallmarked by motor symptoms. In recent years, however, increasing attention has been paid to nonmotor symptoms including sensory, vegetative, or mental symptoms. Since 2000, individual case reports have emerged describing patients with PD who newly developed pathological gambling (PG) that subsided following a decreased dose of dopaminergic medication. The retrospective or cross-sectional epidemiological studies available suggest a higher prevalence of PG (but also of other conduct disorders such as pathological shopping, overeating, hypersexuality, or pathological stereotypy) in PD...

Stereotactic lesional surgery in treating pharmacoresistant epilepsy

MUDr. Jan Chrastina Ph.D

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):112-116  

Despite advances in imaging techniques and electrophysiological diagnosis in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, there remain a significant proportion of patients in whom a resection procedure is not feasible or is associated with severe adverse effects. Such patients are potential candidates for stereotactic surgical intervention. The paper reviews the history and current situation of stereotactic lesional interventions used in the treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy, their options and results. Stereotactic surgical technique has become the basis of other techniques relevant to epilepsy surgery, namely radiosurgery and neuronavigation.

The PedMIDAS - questionnaire for the assessment of pediatric migraine

MUDr. Miroslava Muchová

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):117-119  

The PedMIDAS (the Paediatric Migraine Disability Assessment) is a questionnaire which was specifically developed to assess the level of disability due to migraines in children and adolescents. It is analogous to the MIDAS (the Migraine Disability Assessment) tool used in adults. It takes into account the specific aspects of children`s lifestyles and their subjective interpretation of pain and its influence on their life. The PedMIDAS consists, in contrast to questionnaires for adults, of six individual questions and the evaluation thereof also differs from that of MIDAS. The PedMIDAS questionnaire provides the possibility for a simple and valid...

Recurrent transient ischaemic attack as a manifestation of myocardial infarction

MUDr. Jana Veselková

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):120-122  

A 49-year-old female diabetic patient with hypertension presented to a neurological unit with a mild, recurrent central monoparesis of the right arm. Brain imaging failed to demonstrate any pathology. Electrocardiography (ECG) revealed an inferior wall scar. Echocardiography disclosed a left ventricular thrombus; coronarography showed a severe diffuse disease. Cardiac surgery consisting of aortocoronary bypass and thrombectomy was indicated. Cardiac diseases resulting in thrombus formation as well as investigations which are most beneficial in their detection are discussed.

Publikujeme v zahraničí

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):126  

Spinální muskulární atrofie - aktivity, cíle a perspektivy Projektu Podpora rodin s onemocněním SMA Kolpingovy rodiny Smečno, o. s.

Mgr. Helena Kočová

Neurol. praxi. 2009;10(2):123-124