Neurology for Practice, 2010, issue 3

Editorial

Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):139

Main topic

Záchvatové stavy neepileptického původu

prof.MUDr.Milan Brázdil, Ph.D. - editor hlavního tématu

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):144-145

A varied group of non-epileptic seizures forming frequent differential diagnosis

doc.MUDr.Hana Ošlejšková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):146-152

of epileptic paroxysms occurs in childhood and adolescence In children these are especially somatic non-epileptic seizures while psychogenic conditioned non-epileptic seizures appear gradually and may also prevail in preadolescence and adolescence. The report has summed up the most important entities in infant and young children emphasizing thein clinical picture and usual age incidence. The author has not dealt intentionally with the problems of syncopes and paroxysmal extrapyramidal conditions. Out of the paroxysmal sleep disorders imitating epileptic seizures only those occurring in children have been mentioned. The goal is to improve...

Physiologic nonepileptic seizures

doc.MUDr.Robert Kuba, Ph.D., MUDr.Michal Ryzí

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):153-156

Physiologic nonepileptic seizures play an essential role in differential diagnosis of seizure disorders. In adolescence and adulthood, syncope, predominantly autonomous, most commonly occurs. In younger childhood, sleep-related paroxysmal disorders prevail. This type of seizure disorders encompasses a whole range of clinical entities with varying prognosis.

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in adults

MUDr.Zdeněk Vojtěch

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):157-160

The article deals with contemporary conception of PNES, their epidemiology, semiologic manifestations, pathophysiology and treatment.

Long-term video-EEG monitoring in differential diagnosis of non-epileptic seizures

MUDr.Martin Tomášek, MUDr.Hana Krijtová, MUDr.Petr Marusič, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):161-164

Information on the indications of video-EEG monitoring (V-EEG), role of interictal and ictal EEG, semeiology, significance and limitations of provocative saline test, role of ECG and standard or modified polysomnography for suspected non-epileptic seizures is presented.

Review articles

Discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs in patients with inactive epilepsy

doc.MUDr.Robert Kuba, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):166-170

Discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs in patients who have been seizure-free in the long term is a specific issue for which there are no obligatory guidelines. Discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs after years of inactive disease should not be the physician's decision only; rather it should be the result of a mutual decision-making process between physician and patient. The recurrence of seizures may have serious personal, social and professional consequences for the patient. The paper presents the results of major studies and meta-analyses published in this area.

Alzheimer disease and the engagement of informal carers in a fight for the quality of life

MUDr.Kateřina Sheardová

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):172-176

A successful therapy of dementia should positively influence cognitive functions as well as the quality of life and behavioral and psychological symptoms. This goal can be achieved by combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Diseases manifesting with dementia are a heavy burden not only for the patients but also for caregivers caring for their relatives at home. The article reviews current therapeutic approaches to dementia with the focus on non-pharmacological interventions that informal carers might try or access in the home background.

From the boundary of neurology

New trends in physiotherapy of patients with cerebrospinal multiple sclerosis

PhDr.Kamila Řasová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):178-182

In the synoptic article the authoress presents the results of scientific studies which she reached together with her team while dealing with the grant project IGA MZ ČR 1A862-5/2005 ´The Use of Plasticity of the Central Nervous System in Neurorehabilitation of MS Patients´. She tried to interpret and generalize the results in the way they were applicable in the current clinical practice on two levels: firstly in the evaluation of the therapy effect (she has worked out and validated a set of clinical functions which enables a complex evaluation of the rehabilitation effect, or physiotherapy effect, in people with central impairment, especially...

Some causes of low back pain and their treatment

MUDr.Ivan Vrba

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):183-187

Low back pain (LBP) is defined as pain, muscle tension or stiffness localized below the low costal margin and above the gluteal folds, with or without leg pain. LBP is currently a tremendous medical and socio-economic problem and it has a lifetime prevalence of 60–85 %. The article is focused on non-specific low back pain. There is a syndrome, which mostly is not in the preference of neurologists. The basic division of LBP is to acute and chronic, but more important division is to specific cause and just non-specific one (without clear cause – up to 90 % cases). But now, it seems, the most important is a division into a diagnostic...

Antiepileptics in psychiatry

prof.MUDr.Eva Češková, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):188-190

Based on controlled studies valproate, carbamazepine and lamotrigine have a firm position in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Besides lithium they are considered to be the most important representatives of mood stabilizers (MS). According to available guidelines MS are recommended in all phases of bipolar disorder. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the treatment of bipolar disorder in clinical practice. Analyzing charts of patients we found that totally 71 patients (37 female, 34 male) were hospitalized 92 times (35 with mania, 53 with depression) during the 2-year period. In both mania and depression the most frequently used...

Case report

Is migraine a progressive disease?

MUDr. Jiří Mastík

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):191-194

Introduction: The author aimed at evaluating the course of treatment in migraine patients and determining whether their migraine was progressive. Methods: A group of 72 patients with migraine without aura, migraine with aura, chronic migraine and analgesic- and ergotamine-overuse headache was followed up retrospectively in the Regional Headache Centre in Brno for a mean period of 65 months. From October 1996 to July 2008, the following parameters were evaluated: the rate of attacks, severe pain intensity, degree of limitations in daily activities and efficacy of treatment both at one year of treatment at the Centre and at present and these...

Rare multiplicity in life-threatening expansive processes

MUDr.Jan Chrastina, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Zdeněk Novák, CSc., ing.Ivo Říha, MUDr.Radim Jančálek, Ph.D., MUDr.Motaman Shaqbua, MUDr.Khaled Ghallab

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):196-199

The aim of the paper is to prezent case report of a patient with unique triplicity of life threatening intracranial expansions. Imaging studies performed after surgical treatment of hydrocephalus and posterior fossa arachnoid cyst revealed rapidly progressive right temporal lobe tumor. The result of histological evaluation of the resected tumor was glioblastoma multiforme. Relevant literature data related to the possibilities of surgical treatment of similar coincident pathologies are reviewed.

Comments

What subanalysis of the ECASS III study results revealed

doc.MUDr.Roman Herzig, Ph.D., FESO

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(3):201-203

Randomized, placebo-controlled European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study III proved the safety and efficacy on the intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) between 3 and 4.5 hours after the onset of ischemic stroke. Subanalysis of the results of this study showed that the following significantly better results were more frequent in rt-PA treated patients when compared to placebo: functional independence, defined as modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 0–2 after 90 days and, after 30 days, improvement of 8 points on the National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) or achieving a score of...