Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):299  

Neurogénne poruchy komunikácie - úvod

doc. PaedDr. Zsolt Cséfalvay, PhD. - editor hlavního tématu

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):303  

Neurogenic communication disorders of adults

doc. PaedDr. Zsolt Cséfalvay, PhD., PhDr. Mgr.Milena Košťálová

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):304-307  

Adult neurogenic communication disorders cover a heterogenic group of speech and language disorders accompanying different diseases of nervous system. We summarize most relevant information for clinicians about the symptoms and syndromes of aphasia, dysarthria and apraxia of speech in adult patients, as well as its classifications and important aspects of assessment.

Cognitive-communication disorders

doc.PaedDr.Jana Marková, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):308-310  

Cognitive-communication disorders appear in many brain impairments. It is supposed that deficits of different cognitive functions are behind these language problems. In individual neurogenic disorders, these problems have their specifics. In their evaluations in the practice, tests of aphasia are used which must not be sensitive enough to reveal cognitive-communication disorders, because these problems appear first of all on the higher levels of language information processing, that is on the level of the sentence or the text.

Are the diagnostic tests used in clinical practice able to detect impaired communication ability in patients

Mgr.Ľubica Petričková, PhDr.Veronika Šteňová, PhD., PaedDr.Jana Marková, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):311-313  

with a gradually increasing organic brain damage? Speech intervention pushes its boundaries. The diagnostic, therapy and prevention of speech and language disorders get from the word-level to the text and context level. It also focuses on the intervention of the cognitive-communication deficits. The research at the Department of Neurosurgery in Bratislava on 16 patients with low-grade gliomas showed that such a shift in speech therapy intervention in practice is very necessary. Administration of diagnostic tools only on level of words would not revealed a deficit of context in half of patients and in three patients would not be revealed a...

Aphasia and potential of screening evaluation using Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test - Czech version (MASTcz)

PhDr.Mgr.Milena Košťálová

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):314-316  

Language disorders and their demonstrations such as aphasia, alexia and agraphia vary substantially. Their diagnostics, and especially early stages of the disease after stroke, is complicated due to changes in symptomatology and coexisting cognitive disturbances. Clinical examination of a patient with suspected language disorders focuses on detection of aphasia, alexia and agraphia. MASTcz is a standardized screening test with a high sensitivity and specificity in detection of aphasia. It can to a certain extent quantify the severity of language impairment, which helps an experienced aphasiologist to determine particular type of aphasia. The...

Specific language impairment in preschool age - beginning of dyslexia?

doc.PhDr.Marína Mikulajová, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):317-319  

Traditionally dyslexia has been understood as a condition only marginally associated with language development but mostly connected with perceptual-motor disabilities. This interpretation influences up to date preventive, diagnostic and remediation activities which are concentrated at these areas of skills. The aim of the study is to show that Slovak speaking preschool age children with specific language impairment do have deficits in three areas of skills that are currently considered as predictors of dyslexia: in phonological awareness, rapid naming and letter knowledge. The inherence of these deficits is regarded by the author as the argument...

The importance of magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring of disease activity

MUDr.Da na Horáková, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Manuela Vaněčková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):320-324  

of multiple sclerosis – a clinical neurologist insight There has been a notable progress in research of multiple sclerosis (MS) during the last 30 years. The most important result of this effort has been the discovery of new, more effective drugs. These drugs have on one hand brought great hope, but on the other hand they have created new demands in approaching individual treatment. The focal question is – which drugs to use? When? And for whom? The main reason for that is a high variability of the disease, which demands very thorough monitoring of the disease in individual patients. Nowadays magnetic resonance imaging is the...

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease in the light of new diagnostic criteria

MUDr.Martin Vyhnálek, MUDr.Jan Laczó, Ph.D., Mgr.Tomáš Nikolai, MUDr.Kateřina Sheardová, doc.MUDr.Jakub Hort, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):325-329  

New Alzheimer´s disease (AD) criteria emphasizing early diagnosis with the use of biomarkers have been published in 2011. Besides the revised criteria for dementia due to AD, the new concept of preclinical AD and of Mild cognitive impairment due to AD has been defined. This paper summarizes the principles of diagnosis according to the new criteria and their practical significance. We propose a diagnostic procedure of AD useful in routine clinical practice.

Sleep and headache

MUDr.Simona Dostálová, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Karel Šonka, DrSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):330-332  

We present a review of a relationship between sleep disorders and headache. Sleep disorders and headache often occur simultaneously. Sleep dysregulation may be a headache trigger. Sleep apnea headache and hypnic headache are two sleep-related headache diagnoses. Patients with chronic tension-type or migraine-type headaches, cluster headache or hypnic headache should be examined for signs of a potential sleep disorder. Therapy for sleep disorders may be used as a complementary treatment of the headache.

Marijuana and epilepsy: myth and facts

MUDr.Ivana Tyrlíková

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):333-335  

Marijuana contains more than 480 various chemicals. Cannabinoids, which influence neurotransmission and probably modify brain plasticity, attract the most interest. This effect of individual cannabinoids is still utilized in treatment of vomiting and nausea, especially with cancer patients. Existing experimental treatments with epilepsy have ambiguous results. Results of many case studies have shown a reduction of seizure frequency, whereas other studies have shown an increase in it. One study has proved the protective effect of marijuana in the new onset of epileptic seizures. Nevertheless, this study and other case studies apply to the marijuana...

Examination of lung and function and respiratory muscles in patients with neuromuscular disease

Mgr.Petra Žurková, MUDr.Adel Shudeiwa

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):336-340  

Respiratory complications are the usual cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with neuromuscular disease. It is caused by progressive generalized muscle weakness, including respiratory muscle strength, which are necessary to ensure breathing as a basic life function. Their impairment leads to inefficient cough, hypoventilation, atelectasis formation and finnally to the development of respiratory insufficiency. This article aims to convey an adverse effect of weakening respiratory muscles and presents the possibility of their examination, including evaluation of pulmonary function.

Autoimmune limbic encephalitis associated with LGI antibodies

MUDr.Pavlína Zborníková, MUDr.Eva Krasulová, MUDr.Petr Bušek, MUDr.Petra Nytrová, MUDr.Věra Peterová, MUDr.Nataša Špačková, prof.MUDr.Eva Havrdová, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):343-346  

Autoimmune non–paraneoplastic encephalitis is underdiagnosed neurological disorder. Thanks to recent research progression in the field of neuronal autoantibodies, neurologists are equipped with a new diagnostic tool and, therefore, are able to offer adequate immunosupressant therapy to their patients. The case reported here is a 67 year old man who presented with limbic encephalitis with memory disorder and partial epileptic seizures. These symptoms resolved after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulines. We have found LGI1 antibodies in this patient, antibodies targeted against one of components of voltage-gated potassium channels...

39. Šerclovy dny 19.-20. 10. 2012, Hradec Králové

Neurol. praxi. 2012;13(6):349-353