Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1)  

Neuromuskulární komplikace farmakoterapie

MUDr. Eva Vlčková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):9-10  

Statin myopathy

prof. MUDr. Josef Bednařík, CSc., MUDr. Eva Vlčková, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Horák

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):15-19 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2017.058  

Statins are competitive inhibitors of enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) lowering cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels. Due to their effectiveness they became the most frequently used group of drugs worldwide taken by more than 100 millions of patients. Statin myopathy is the most frequent and serious adverse event of statin use. Its clinical spectrum is very broad fluctuating from asymptomatic hyper-CK-aemia, myalgia, crampi, muscle weakness to most serious rhabdomyolysis with 10 % mortality. Randomized controlled and cohort studies report statin myopathy incidence of 1–5 % and the incidence of rhabdomyolysis...

Toxic neuropathies

MUDr. Radim Mazanec, Ph.D., MUDr. Daniel Baumgartner, MUDr. Veronika Potočková

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):20-24 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2017.059  

Toxic neuropathies play an important part of differential diagnosis in idiopathic neuropathies in adults. Unfortunately, neuropathic symptoms and electromyographic findings resembling other acquires or inherited neuropathies. The careful medical history, including detailed occupational and drug history with relevant data, related to neurotoxic exposure and general physical examination, plays a key role in their diagnostic algorithm. Very important are special laboratory examinations confirmed toxic agents or their metabolites in blood and urine. The cooperation with the experts in industrial neurotoxicology is recommended. The correct considerations...

Chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy

MUDr. Jana Raputová, MUDr. Eva Vlčková, Ph.D., MUDr. Lenka Šmardová, MUDr. Aneta Rajdová, doc. MUDr. Andrea Janíková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):25-31 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2017.129  

Chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy belongs to frequent adverse effects of anticancer chemotherapy with a significant negative influence on patients` daily living and social activities. Neuropathy is axonal, affects large and/or small nerve fibers (based on particular drug) and causes sensory, motor and/or autonomic symptoms and signs. The most important neurotoxic agents are platinum derivatives, taxoids, vinca alkaloids, thalidomide and proteasome inhibitors. CIPN is usually at least partly reversible, however, some drugs can damage nerve fibres irreversibly, e.g. thalidomid. CIPN prevention is mainly based on appropriate indication of neurotoxic...

Multiple sclerosis in borderline age groups – childhood and elderly population

MUDr. Olga Zapletalová

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):32-37 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2017.060  

Pathological autoimmune processes with the development of inflammatory and neurodegenerative changes that meet the criteria for a clinically isolated syndrome or definite multiple sclerosis (MS) affects mainly young adults aged 18 to 30 years. Despite of this MS onset during childhood or adolescence is now increasingly recognized in the same way as MS in subjects over 50 years age. There are published the first clinical sign of MS in patients over 80 years. The clinical characteristics of patients with early and late onset MS in these age groups have their own characteristics and sometimes discreet specific signs which are not only in the clinical...

Radiofrequency denervation of facet joints in low back pain therapy at lumbar facet syndrome

MUDr. Michal Venglarčík, PhD., MUDr. Juraj Mláka, MUDr. Martin Griger, MUDr. Róbert Tirpák, MUDr. Vlasta Vinklerová, MUDr. Ladislav Kočan, PhD, MUDr. Róbert Rapčan, FIPP

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):38-42 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2017.061  

Facet joints were first described as a possible origin of back pain in 1933. Back pain is now the most common type of pain in humans. They are often the result of degenerative changes in the spine, including the facet joints, affecting a significant portion of the population still of working age. For an increasing number of chronic back pain involved in the effects of psychological, social and economic. Intervention diagnosis and treatment of back pain is compared to other medical disciplines their much younger siblings. We have this greater opportunity to help patients with lumbar facet syndrome causally effective treatment.

Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period in connection with epilepsy from the perspective of midwives

Bc. Markéta Patočková, Mgr. Alena Machová

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):44-48 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.017  

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by spontaneous or reflex, uncontrolled epileptic seizures (Kršek, 2006). Approximately between three and four hundred children in the Czech Republic are born to women diagnosed with epilepsy before pregnancy (Zárubová, 2010). For this reason, nursing care provided by midwives to epileptic women plays a significant role during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Such care has its own characteristics with which midwives should be conversant. Therefore, one of the aims of the conducted qualitative research was to survey their knowledge in this area. The results have showed that addressed...

Aubagio (teriflunomide) as one of the treatment options in men with multiple sclerosis

MUDr. Zuzana Matejčíková

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):49-53 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.065  

Aubagio is one of the treatment options in multiple sclerosis. The active substance is teriflunomide that inhibits the mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. It is the only first-line oral medication and is taken at a dose of 14 mg once a day. It is a suitable drug of choice, among other things, in young men actively engaged in sport and work, particularly due to the fact of it being an oral medication with a very good safety profile. Three case reports are presented with the aim to document the effect of teriflunomide. All the patients are young men who have been on the treatment for several years.

Recurrent cranial neuropathy

MUDr. Sandra Kurčová, prof. MUDr. Egon Kurča, PhD., MUDr. Michaela Kaiserová, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Petr Kaňovský, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):54-57 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2017.063  

Recurrent cranial neuropathy is a relatively rare disease characterized by repeated remissions and relapses of cranial nerve palsies. Its underlying aetiology may involve a primary intracranial process, but it can also be a manifestation of a systemic disease, such as diabetes mellitus, autoimmune hypothyroidism, sarcoidosis, or paraproteinaemia. In the majority of cases, however, its aetiology and pathogenesis remain unexplained. We present a case of a 46-year-old female patient who, during the course of six months, gradually developed two peripheral facial nerve palsies and two abducens nerve palsies. We failed to elucidate the aetiology of this pathological...

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia

MUDr. Tereza Svrčinová, MUDr. Vladimíra Sládková, Ph.D., MUDr. Michaela Kaiserová, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Petr Kaňovský, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):58-61 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2017.064  

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia is a group of heterogeneous inherited disorders. There have been reported eight different subtypes up to now, but the most common are type 1 and 2. Usually have prenatal or early postnatal onset, typically it is manifested by severe psychomotor retardation with hypotonia or on the other hand with spasticity. Most of the patient has microcephaly and during the disease there are reported seizures. The diagnosis is based on genetic testing, nowadays are known several causal genes and on neuroimaging with characteristic hypoplasia and atrophy of the cerebellum and variable pontine atrophy. We documented the case report of...

Primary progressive apraxia of speech

MUDr. Jan Bardoň, MUDr. Martin Nevrlý, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Petr Kaňovský, CSc., MUDr. Pavel Otruba, MBA, PaedDr. Miloslava Čecháčková, Mgr. Markéta Večerková, doc. MUDr. Marek Baláž, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):64-66 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2017.066  

Apraxia of speech is a disorder of speech motor planning and/or programming. It is often caused by stroke. Recently a new neurodegenerative disorder has been described where apraxia of speech is the only or predominant symptom. It was named primary progressive apraxia of speech. Authors present a case report of 72 year old male suffering from progressive worsening of speech for four years to near anarthria who has been finally diagnosed with primary progressive apraxia of speech.

Effects of drugs on neuromuscular junction

MUDr. Stanislav Voháňka, CSc., MBA

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):11-14 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2017.057  

Neuromuscular transmission may be negatively influenced by many drugs and agents. Some of them are targeted to this purpose – most important are the following: depolarizing and non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (used to produce muscular paralysis in anesthetized patients), botulinum toxin (effectively weakening appropriate muscles for treatment of spasticity and dystonic syndromes) and cholinesterase inhibitors (used to reduce clinical symptoms in myasthenia gravis). Furthermore, several drugs may negatively influence the neuromuscular transmission as an undesirable side effect, particularly in case of pre-existed impaired function...

Komentář ke článku: Bardoň a kol. Problematika diagnostiky primární progresivní apraxie řeči (primary progressive apraxia of speech – PPAOS)

PhDr. Milena Košťálová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1)  

Register a epidemiológia spinálnej a bulbárnej muskulárnej atrofie na Slovensku Komentář ke článku: P. Ridzoňa Kennedyho nemoc (bulbospinální svalová atrofie)

doc. MUDr. Peter Špalek, PhD., Mgr. Hana Zelinková, MUDr. Petra Jungová

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1)  

Neurozobrazovací kazuistika

MUDr. Martin Pail, Ph.D., MUDr. Marta Pažourková, prof. MUDr. Milan Brázdil, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):62-63 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2017.065  

A practical approach to sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies

MUDr. Michal Minár, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2017;18(1):48-50 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2017.062  

Parkinson’s disease (PD), along with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multisystem atrophy (MSA), belongs to a pathologically defined group of diseases – synucleinopathies. They share not only a common pathological mechanism of origin, but also some clinical signs. Also frequent are sleep-wake disorders that further impair the quality of life of those affected as well as increase the overall morbidity and mortality.