Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc., FCMA, FANA

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):155  

Polyneuropatie

doc. MUDr. Edvard Ehler, Ph.D. – editor hlavního tématu

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):160 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.092  

Diabetic polyneuropathy

MUDr. Gabriel Hajaš, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):161-171 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.003  

Diabetes causes a broad sprectrum of neuropathic complications, including acute and chronic forms affecting each level of theperipheral nerve, from the root to the distal axon. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is currently considered a heterogeneous disease withdifferent pathogenetic mechanisms in different clinical syndromes. The most common form is distal symmetric polyneuropathy(DSPN), which often goes insidious and unnoticed and its most serious complication is diabetic foot. In addition to knownrisk factors such as diabetes duration or long-term metabolic control, new factors such as cardiovascular factors (hypertension,hyperlipidemia, obesity), age,...

Neuropathies due to ethanol abuse

MUDr. Václav Boček, prof. MUDr. Ivana Štětkářová, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):172-174 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.093  

Chronical alcohol abuse may affect among the others also peripheral nervous system. Although high prevalence among alcoholicsthis group of diseases remains often neglected. Alcohol abuse affects all types of nerve fibers including thin unmyelinated onesmediating pain. The range of damage rise from mono – to polyneuropathies and the disease course may fluctuate from acute tochronic one. Alcohol neuropathy is caused by two dominant pathophysiological mechanisms: 1) direct toxicity of ethanol and itsmetabolite of acetaldehyde, 2) alcohol interaction with thiamine metabolism resulting in nutritional neuropathy. Axonal damageis the dominant hallmark...

Peripheral neuropathy in children

MUDr. Josef Kraus, CSc., MUDr. Ivana Perníková, Marie Brožová

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):175-182 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.021  

Most peripheral nerve disorders have a gradual and slow progressive course. But an acute onset may occur with autoimmune andinfectious inflammation, metabolic disorders or intoxication. Many systemic diseases, as well as drugs, also affect the peripheralnervous system. Peripheral neuropathy typically develops with symmetrical and predominantly distal affections. The combinationof sensory and motor lesions is the most common, but in some cases motor or sensory abnormalities can predominate, and autonomicsymptoms may also occur. Examination of peripheral nerve disorder involves a careful history, including a family history.It is followed by neurological,...

Focal forms of acute polyradiculoneuritis

doc. MUDr. Edvard Ehler, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):183-186 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.094  

Acute polyradiculoneuritis (Guillain-Barré syndrome – GBS) is a multifocal autoimmune form of neuropathy. This neuropathy has its classicalforms – acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis (AIDP) affects myelin sheath and primary axonal form is characterizedby pure motor disorder AMAN or severe mixed sensory-motor form AMSAN. Among the variants or focal forms can be differentiatedMiller-Fisher syndrome with clinical trias – ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia – and pharyngo-cervico-brachial form with dysphagia,weakness of neck and brachial muscles. Besides these two most frequent variants there some other forms...

Epileptic seizures in patients with multiple sclerosis

MUDr. Ema Kantorová, Ph.D., MUDr. Babeta Hofericová, prof. MUDr. Egon Kurča, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):187-192 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.002  

Epileptic seizures are defined as a transient occurrence of symptoms due to abnormal disinhibited or extremely synchronisedcortical activity. When they occurr in isolation, they can be provoked by different processes influencing brain cortex. However,repeated epileptic seizures signalise irreversible microscopic or macroscopic damage of the brain cortex. Intensity of inflammatoryprocess in the brain cortex and intensity of post-inflammatory changes correlate with epileptic seizures and epilepsy in multiplesclerosis. In this article we are dealing with current information about epilepsy and multiple sclerosis.

Primary headaches – treatment today and tomorrow

MUDr. Jolana Marková, MUDr. Rudolf Kotas, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):193-198 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.050  

This systematic review summarizes the clinical manifestations and the existing knowledge about the treatment of the most frequentprimary headaches – migraine, tension type headache and cluster headache. The acute treatment of migraine attacks consists inthe use of simple analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ergotamines and triptans. Patients with frequent or long lastingattacks require the prophylactic treatment. So far beta-blockers, antiepileptic drugs, calcium channel blockers and antidepressantsare used. Injections of onabotulinumtoxin A reduce the frequency of attacks in chronic migraine. The most promising new approachin the...

Pompe disease

doc. MUDr. Martin Magner, Ph.D., MUDr. Jitka Jirečková

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):200-204 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.037  

Pompe disease is a rare progressive autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of lysosomal α-glucosidase (GAA;or acid maltase). The awareness of the disease among specialists has risen in the association with the arrival of therapy inthe form of applied recombinant enzyme. The aim of this review is to bring the reader some less known aspects of thisinteresting disease.

The current long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis: the advantages and disadvantages of oral treatment

MUDr. Zuzana Matejčíková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):206-208 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.095  

Nowadays, there is increasng possibilities of DMD (disease-modifying drugs) in treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). There wereavailable only parenteral therapy in the past. Now, there are available also oral forms of DMD therapy. This is teriflunomide fromfirst line DMD therapy and fingolimod and dimetfyl fumarate from second line therapy. These oral forms also have any advantagesand disadvantages so as parenteral forms.

Symptomatic pain management

MUDr. Marek Hakl, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):209-212 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.096  

Chronic pain represents significant society wide society-economy problem. It is participating at a considerable rate to the disabilityof population of developed countries and it has got adverse effect on quality of life. Strategy for chronic pain treatmentis multimodal: it includes pharmacological and rehabilitation treatment, psychotherapy invasive methods and some other treatmentalternatives. Basic treatment strategy is based on WHO three – step analgesic ladder. Basic treatment for chronic pain arenonopiod analgesics,combined in accordance with level of pain with weak or strong opioids. The advantage is that we can useproducts containing tramadol...

Depression in neurologic disorders, incidence and its treatment

MUDr. Sylva Racková

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):213-217 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.147  

Depression belons among the most frequent comorbities in neurologic disorders. Its prevalence is higher and depression influencesthe course of neurologic disorders. There is very important the right choice of antidepressant treatment according toefficacy and tollerability in the treatment of depression in neurologic disorders.

B lymphocytes in cerebrospinal multiple sclerosis and the role of a B lymphocyte-targeting biologic agent in its therapy

prof. RNDr. Jan Krejsek, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):218-223 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.097  

The role of B cells in the inflammatory response is much wider as previously thought. B cells are not only antibodies producingcells but are the rich source of various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. B cells can identify various signals of dangeror damage. These danger molecules are processed and presented in the form of antigenic peptides in the context of HLA moleculesto T cells. Suprisingly, biological therapy with ocrelizumab targeting CD20 molecule expressed on B cells was evidencedas highly effective therapy of multiple sclerosis in large clinical trials. There are the substantial differencies in the structure andposttranslational modification...

Quality of life of patients following surgery for pharmacoresistant epilepsy

MUDr. Barbora Sklenárová, MUDr. Irena Doležalová, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Eva Brichtová, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Milan Brázdil, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Jan Chrastina, Ph.D., MUDr. Jan Hemza, Ph.D. et Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Markéta Hermanová, Ph.D., MUDr. Jitka Kočvarová, Marta Michnová, DiS., MUDr. Martin Pail, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):224-228 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2018.098  

Objective: The aim of the study was to ascertain in what way epilepsy surgery treatment affects the quality of life of patientsoperated on for pharmacoresistant epilepsy.Method: Patients operated on for pharmacoresistant epilepsy completed a quality of life questionnaire (Quality of Life in EpilepsyInventory-89; QOLIE-89) before and after the surgery. QOLIE-89 evaluates the quality of life in 17 subscales, including the assessmentof overall quality of life using the total score. We statistically evaluated whether a change in the quality of life had occurredafter the surgery. Subsequently, the QOLIE-89 results were correlated with patient demographic...

Augusta Déjerine Klumpke

MUDr. Tereza Svrčinová, prof. MUDr. Petr Kaňovský, CSc., FEAN

Neurol. praxi. 2018;19(3):229-230