Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):363  

Neurovývojové poruchy a jejich důsledky v dospělém věku

doc.MUDr.Hana Ošlejšková

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):368  

Role of testosterone in the etiology of autism - the hypothesis of a hypermale brain

doc.MUDr.Daniela Ostatníková, Ph.D., RNDr.Silvia Lakatošová, Ph.D., RNDr.Eva Schmidtová, Ph.D., Mgr.Peter Krajmer, MUDr.Ing.Mgr.Peter Celec, Ph.D., MPH

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):370-372  

Autism is a complex pervasive developmental disorder with early childhood onset characterized by social deficits, impaired communication and stereotyped behaviour. The disorder has increasing prevalence, enormous variability of symptoms and unknown etiology. Generally the disorder is diagnosed four times more often in boys than in girls and this provokes theories relating autism to testosterone effect. The theory of hypermale brain considers disturbed neurodevelopment with consequent structural brain anomalies and atypical development of brain hemispheres leading to autistic phenotype.

Hyperkinetic disorders IADHD in adolescence and adulthood: diagnosis, clinical presentation and comorbidities

MUDr.Pavlína Cahová, Mgr.Jana Pejčochová, doc.MUDr.Hana Ošlejšková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):373-377  

Hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is considered to be a neurodevelopmental disease and also in its diagnostic criteria the onset is postulated before the age of seven. In 40–50 % of patients the symptoms persist into the adulthood. In the case the disease is not diagnosed and tretaed properly in time, the patient is exposed to the sustained stress and pressure and secondary somatic complaints and comorbidities may occur.

Specific developmental learning disorders - areas of functional deficit and models of disorders

Mgr.Jana Pejčochová

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):378-381  

Learning disabilities condue to a failure of acquirement of such abilities as reading, writing, and computing. They are usually revealed during childhood at the age when we start attending school, because pupils at this age much more experience requirements during this developmental stage that discloses this disabilities. Some of the traits are evident in preschool age and lead us to thinking about the risk of persisting to adolescence. In case of insufficient school support the disabilities last till adulthood and usually are the reason for achieving lower level of education and professional status than could be expected due to intellect capacity...

Contemporary view of dyslexia and related reading difficulties in childhood and adulthood

doc.Mgr.Kateřina Vitásková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):382-385  

Dyslexia definitely represents the most frequented diagnostically identified type of specific learning difficulty. Moreover, it is sometimes simply comprehended as a synonym of this heterogeneous group. Despite the fact that various specialists have been addressing the issue of dyslexia for over more than a century, a definite and an exclusive etiological concept that can be implicitly accepted remains undersigned to date. Regarding previous as well as contemporary knowledge of its subtypes, specific reading difficulties can be based on phonological, as well as neurocerebellar, dysfunctions and other deficiency states. Besides dyslexia, there...

The first epileptic seizure - diagnostic approach and indications to start the treatment

MUDr.Hana Krijtová, doc.MUDr.Petr Marusič, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):386-390  

In acute period after the first seizure – loss of consciousness with convulsions with suspicion on GTCS – it is emphasized to distinguish epileptic and nonepileptic origin (mostly convulsive syncope) and identify an acute disorder, which can cause provoked seizure. Later on it is highly desirable to disclose appearance of inconspicuous seizures of other type, e.g. myoclonia, absences, focal seizures, in patient history as it can prove diagnosis of epilepsy. CT scan is always recommended as soon as possible, MRI can be delayed. Except for abnormal neurological findings, EEG abnormality – both nonspecific slowing and specific...

Multiple sclerosis and its treatment in pregnancy from the viewpoint of the Czech Teratology Information Service:

MUDr.Lucie Hubičková Heringová, Ph.D., MUDr.Eva Maňáková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):391-395  

assessment of embryotoxicity risk of pharmacotherapy based on previous experience Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system; it commonly affects women of childbearing age. Due to the chronic nature of the condition, treatment may be required even during pregnancy in some cases. Standard recommendations are used for MS and its treatment in pregnancy: patients are advised to plan their pregnancy during a stable phase of their disease when it is possible to discontinue the long-term treatment. If the condition has not stabilized optimally and in the case of a clinical attack, low doses of corticoids...

The concept of mild cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease

doc.MUDr.Irena Rektorová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):396-399  

Cognitive impairment exists in Parkinson’s disease (PD) as a transitional state between cognitively intact and demented PD patients. It seems to be a risk factor for development of dementia in PD, but the precise criteria and “malignant” cognitive profile of mild cognitive impairment in PD (MCI in PD) have not yet been established. The concept may turn to be different from that in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) since we search for those already diagnosed PD patients who are at risk of developing dementia. In addition, clinical variables specific for PD also play role. Importantly, MCI possesses a metabolic basis in PD. Various...

Familial hemiplegic migraine

MUDr.Jiří Mastík

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):400-405  

Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease. It is the first type of migraine with aura in which a genetic defect on chromosome 19 (FHM 1) or, more rarely, on chromosome 1 (FHM 2) and chromosome 2 (FHM 3) has been shown. In addition to migraine headache, a typical presentation includes the presence of motor weakness and an identical impairment in at least one relative. The motor impairment may even be hemiplegic in nature and last for days or even weeks. Triptans are not recommended in the treatment for their potent vasoconstrictive effect; nonspecific antimigraine drugs are preferred. When the course...

Late Lyme neuroborreliosis or post-Lyme borreliosis syndrome? A case report

MUDr.Ladislav Gurčík, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):406-409  

The paper presents a case report of a patient with a history of healed Lyme borreliosis who, years later, developed symptoms of late (chronic) Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) which was confirmed and treated appropriately. According to the most recent EFNS guidelines on the diagnosis and management of European Lyme neuroborreliosis, late LNB is manifested by chronic mononeuropathy, radiculopathy or polyneuropathy in the peripheral nervous system and by cerebral vasculitis, chronic progressive encephalitis or encephalomyelitis with tetraspastic syndrome, spastic-ataxic gait disorder and disturbed micturition in the CNS. The diagnosis of late LNB...

Multiple sclerosis and inherited thrombophilia

doc.MUDr.Eleonóra Klímová, CSc., MUDr.Jarmila Szilasiová, PhD., doc.MUDr.Mária Hulíková, PhD., MUDr.Beáta Beňová

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):410-414  

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogenous disease of central nervous system (CNS) with variable clinical signs. The onset of MS may imitate the whole scale of different, not only neurological diseases and detailed differential diagnosis of it is recommended. The goal of our study was to alert the possible coincidence of MS and inherited thrombophilia, the difficulties in diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome suspected from MS in patients with inherited thrombophília and analyse its possible complications in patients with clinically definitive MS. Out of 412 MS patients from both MS centres in Košice and in Prešov we have found in retrospective...

Intraoperative 3D sonography in neurosurgery

MUDr.Michal Filip, Ph.D., MUDr.Petr Linzer, MUDr.Filip Šámal, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):415-417  

Ultrasound imaging is one of the most available perioperative imaging methods. Ultrasound imaging is based on registering of echo signals reflected by tissue. The basic modality of examination is two-dimensional (2D) imaging in various modes. In neurosurgery, the 2D imaging is succesfully used for intraoperative imaging. Nowadays, the use of ultrasound 3D imaging is spreading in neurological and neurosurgical practice. The three-dimensional imaging alike CT or MRI facititates delineation of pathological lesions. An improvement of perioperative imaging during neurosurgical procedures is expected. First experiences in 3D ultrasound imaging of...

Stiff limb syndrome

MUDr.Aleš Kopal, MUDr.Jan Latta, MUDr.Milan Mrklovský, doc.MUDr.Edvard Ehler, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):418-421  

Stiff limb syndrom is characterized by muscle stiffness and episodic painful spasms of one or two extremities. Pathophysiological basis of this syndrome is a disturbance of spinal motoneurone inhibition. For a correct diagnosis are of upmost importance – electromyographic investigation with continuous motor units activity. Finding of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase in blood and cerebrospinal fluid is of supportive value. For therapy are used – drugs increasing gabaergic inhibition (diazepam, baclofene), immunosuppression (methylprednisolone i. v., immunoglobulin i. v.) or therapeutic plasma exchange. The authors present...

Acutely developing glioblastoma multiforme in a young man - a case report

MUDr.Radek Kaiser, MUDr.Robert Tomáš, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Pavel Haninec, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):422-424  

Glioblastoma multiforme is a tumour of older age with a mean survival of about one year from diagnosis. When a brain tumour is suspected, a CT scan is ordered in the case of a focal neurological deficit, following an epileptic seizure or when there are signs of intracranial hypertension. Rarely, however, the tumour may go unnoticed with a subsequent sudden – and often no longer manageable – deterioration of the condition with herniation of the brain tissue or obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid pathways. The case report presents a patient with a glioblastoma who, despite maximum conservative treatment, progressed from severe...

Development of functional tremor as part of organic brain syndrome

MUDr.Martin Kucharík, MUDr.Andrea Barčíková, MUDr.Peter Valkovič, PhD., doc.MUDr.Ján Benetin, CSc., MUDr.Mariana Pápayová, prof.MUDr.Peter Kukumberg, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):425-427  

In 1997, a 29-year-old female patient suffered a complicated craniocerebral injury (a fall off a horse) with foci of hemorrhagic contusion in the left parietal, right temporal and frontal cerebral lobes and a subsequent development of secondary post-traumatic epilepsy, with a confirmed epileptogenic focus located in the right centro-parieto-temporal region. She underwent right anterior temporal lobectomy and ventriculo-peritoneal drainage for hydrocephalus of the third and fourth ventricles as well as rehabilitation therapy with a minimal neurological residuum. An unusual „tremor“ of the right-sided limbs possibly triggered by the...

Léčba valproátem v populaci mladých žen

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):428-429  

Neurologové se ptají...

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):424  

Změny v posuzování způsobilosti k řízení motorových vozidel u pacientů s epilepsií

doc.MUDr.Petr Marusič, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):432-433  

Prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Ambler, DrSc., sedmdesátiletý

MUDr. Jan Hromada

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(6):434