Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):219  

Dětská mozková obrna

MUDr. Josef Kraus, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):222-224  

Cerebral palsy - a view of neonatologist

doc.MUDr.Petr Zoban, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):225-229  

The article deals with the causal association between cerebral palsy (CP) and peri-/neonatal morbidity. CP is the most common and significant motor impairment in childhood. Prevalence ranges from 1,7–2,1/1 000 live births, and increases with decreasing birth weight and gestational age. The etiology is multifactorial, including prenatal, peri- and neonatal factors. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, special exams and tests are under consideration for the uncertain history and nonspecific clinical manifestations. Imaging methods will help establish a brain lesion and its topography. CP often combines with other deficits (i. e. mental, epilepsy,...

Instrumental gait analysis in patients with cerebral palsy

MUDr.Martin Švehlík, Ph.D., doz.dr.med.Ernst Bernhard Zwick, prof.dr.med.Gerhardt Steinwender, dr.med.Tanja Kraus, prof.dr.med.Wolfgang E.Linhart

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):230-233  

Gait is an elementary kinetic stereotype of humans. The perfection of this movement is achieved by a delicate interplay between the central nervous and locomotor systems. Instrumental gait analysis is a unique functional and dynamic investigation that allows us to better understand not only biomechanics, but also central movement control. Due to technological progress, gait analysis has moved from biomechanics research laboratories into routine clinical practice and has become an invaluable aid for a number of neurologists, physiotherapists, orthopaedists and prosthetists dealing with the issues of cerebral palsy.

Cerebral palsy as seen by an ophthalmologist

MUDr.Anna Zobanová

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):234-238  

In the Czech Republic, children with cerebral palsy (CP) should be evaluated by paediatric ophthalmologists. Ophthalmological examination in children of preverbal age or in verbally non-communicating patients with multiple disability must, in addition to describing squint and the findings at the anterior segment of the eye and eye fundus, invariably include an evaluation of the quality of visual acuity, size of refraction, ability of accommodation, visual field defects and the quality of contrast sensitivity. Based on these data, it is possible to propose a therapeutic and vision rehabilitation plan for developing visual function, sometimes...

Integrated approach to administering botulinum toxin type A

MUDr.Martin Švehlík, Ph.D., doz.dr.med.Ernst Bernhard Zwick, prof.dr.med.Gerhardt Steinwender, dr.med.Tanja Kraus, prof.dr.med.Wolfgang E.Linhart

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):239-243  

One of the basic principles of both conservative and surgical treatment of patients with spastic cerebral palsy is either maintaining or restoring the length of the spastic muscle. In the last twenty years, there has been an expansion in the use of botulinum toxin type A in order to selectively affect the muscle tone in children with cerebral palsy. An integrated approach to administering botulinum toxin type A combines the advantages of administration into multiple sites, redressing plaster cast treatment and the use of physiotherapy and orthoses. The whole concept is based on a relatively high-dose administration of botulinum toxin type A...

Intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of spasticity and dystonia in patients with cerebral palsy

MUDr.Petr Libý, Ph.D., MUDr.Miroslav Vaculík, MUDr.Josef Kraus, CSc., PaedDr.Irena Zounková, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Michal Tichý, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):244-247  

The goal of this article is to inform readers about the treatment options for severe spasticity and dystonia in children with cerebral palsy by intrathecal baclofen (ITB). Cerebral palsy plays serious role in life of spastic child and his/her family. ITB is in position of trusted method, which improves quality of life of spastic child with or without dystonia and so quality of life of his/her parents. Reduction of spasticity leads to marked reduction of pain. This article presents basic indication criteria for ITB as well as basic information about baclofen test, implantation method, refill procedure and summarizes complications of ITB therapy.

The current approach to the orthopedic surgical treatment of patients with cerebral palsy

MUDr.Alena Schejbalová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):248-251  

The author presents indications and contraindications of orthopaedic surgery in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, taking into account the types of cerebral palsy and the level of developmental Vojta stage. Surgical approaches include isolated and combinad procedures on muscles and bones. The ankle, knee and hip should be treated as one functional unit. Surgical approaches in the hip area include isolated and combined surgeries on muscles and bones (adductors and flexors, open reposition, proximal femoral osteotomy, acetabuloplasty). The area of the knee involves a knee flexion deformity and high position of the patela. The main...

Worster-Drought syndrome - an old friend?

PaedDr.Eva Tomanová, MUDr.Josef Kraus, CSc., Marie Brožová

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):252-253  

Worster-Drought syndrome (WDS) is a mild form of cerebral palsy. Although the symptoms can be seen from the first year of life, the WDS is usually diagnosed in a much later age even the syndrome is not rare in the population and even the diagnosis is not difficult to be determined. An interdisciplinary group has been set to bring this issue to our experts and to our general public.

Medical care problems in adults with cerebral palsy

doc.MUDr.Jana Süssová, CSc., Mgr.Irena Šáchová

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):254-255  

Cerebral palsy has always been considered a static condition in the neurological sense. This article addresses the challenges faced by individuals with CP and developmental disability as they age. Secondary and associated condition that occure in the patiens with CP can progress over time. Possible interventions and outcomes over time are discussed in the context of the multidisciplinary team management of the individual with CP.

Acute symptomatic seizures and status epilepticus - definition, causes and treatment

MUDr.Hana Krijtová, MUDr.David Krýsl, doc.MUDr.Petr Marusič, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):256-264  

The term acute symptomatic seizure describes a seizure occurring in close temporal relationship with various CNS insults. In contrast to unprovoked seizures, early mortality of acute symptomatic seizures is higher and largely aetiology-dependent. On the other hand, the risk of developing epilepsy following acute symptomatic seizure is lower than in unprovoked seizure. Apart from different pathogenesis, different mechanisms of ictogenesis are implied as well. Acute symptomatic seizures represent approximately 40% of all first seizures. Their aetiology is clearly identifiable – most common causes include cerebrovascular events, CNS injuries,...

Multiple sclerosis - current diagnostics, prognosis and treatment efficacy monitoring

MUDr.Dana Horáková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):265-269  

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that, without treatment, causes significant disability in most patients. At present, the only prevention is early antiinflammatory treatment. Unfortunately, currently used drugs are only partially effective, and, in most patients clinical activity persists. Accurately assessing the treatment response to disease-modifying agents enables non-responder patients to be identified at an early stage of therapy. Patients can then be switched to another, potentially more effective treatment. The follow up must be comprehensive and involve clinical and modern paraclinical examinations...

Most common pittfalls and mistakes in the diagnosis and management of Parkinson’s disease

prof.MUDr.Martin Bareš, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):270-275  

Although Parkinson´s disease is neurodegenerative disorder where causal treatment is still non-existing, there is always necessity to make correct diagnosis, to differentiate secondary parkinsonian syndromes or other entities mimicking or presenting with parkinsonian syndrome. The introduction of correct treatment in correct time is the key. The absence of systematic history taking, complete neuro-exam with corresponding laboratory and other examinations, the delay of the introduction of symptomatic drugs, the continuation of obsolete treatment, inadequadate dose of dopaminergic drugs, confusion of side-effects for inefficacy and lack of...

Multiple sclerosis and the menopause

doc.MUDr.Peter Koliba, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):282-285  

The article is about the relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) with menopause. MS is an autoimmune, inflammatory, neurodegenerative disease with chronic course. MS affects patients at a younger age. Improvements in treatment due, that more women are in menopause and postmenopause age. Women with MS have menopause earlier than is the average age of menopause in a population. Author discusses the role of changes in levels of sex hormones at menopause and their potential impact on the course of MS.

Paraganglioma of the cauda equina and the filum terminale

MUDr.Pavel Buchvald, MUDr.Lubomír Jurák, MUDr.Josef Mikuláštík, MUDr.Vladimír Beneš; Ph.D.III, doc.MUDr.Petr Suchomel, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):286-289  

Paragangliomas are benign neuroepithelial tumours typically localized in glomus caroticum and jugulare. Their spinal localization is very rare, entirely in the area of cauda equina and filum terminale. We present a case report of 33-year old woman. Her initial symptom was low back pain irradiating into lower limbs without neurological deficit. Magnetic resonance showed tumour expansion filling the whole spinal canal in the range from L4 to S1. Peroperatively we found a well circumscribed intramural tumour which clearly originated from filum terminale interconnected by a vascular pedicle. The tumour was radically resected. The histopathological...

New guidelines for diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer´s disease

doc.MUDr.Jakub Hort, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):277-281  

Guidelines for diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer´s disease provides an evidence based review of the literature. Scientific papers are assessed according to levels of evidence, where I means the most convincing and IV means the weakest evidence. There was provided a recommendation of level A – efficient, B – probably efficient and C – possibly efficient, based on the levels of evidence. Presented guidelines revise previous recommendations published in 2007. New biomarkers of Alzheimer´s disease are discussed, especially examination of cerebrospinal fluid, magnetic resonance and other imaging methods, as well as new neuropsychological...

Životné jubileum prof. MUDr. Pavla Traubnera, PhD.

prof. MUDr. Ľubomír Lisý, DrSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):292  

Neurologové se ptají...

doc. MUDr. Petr Marusič, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):293  

VIII. sympozium praktické neurologie, Brno, hotel International, 2.-3. června 2011

doc. MUDr. Edvard Ehler, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):290-291  

Autodidaktický test 4/2011

Neurol. praxi. 2011;12(4):294-295