Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):71  

Kognitivní projevy interních onemocnění

doc. MUDr. Robert Rusina, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):78 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.029  

Wilsonova nemoc.

doc. MUDr. Robert Rusina, Ph.D., Mgr. Eva Bolceková

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):79-86 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.030  

Cognitive impairment in gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases Cognitive impairment in gastrointestinal disorders is mostly seen in the context of neurological manifestations of Whipple´s disease and as a result of nutrition deficits with hypovitaminosis B1 and B12. Korsakoff´s syndrome usually manifests after diminution of motor manifestations in Wernicke´s encephalopathy and typically presents severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia with confabulations, short term memory and judgement are preserved. Routine assessment of B12 plasmatic levels is no more recommended for dementia screening in general practice. Hepatic encephalopathy may develop in...

Cognitive impairment in selected systemic connective tissue diseases

Mgr. Silvie Johanidesová, MUDr. Jolana Marková, MUDr. Kateřina Storey, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):87-91 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.031  

Cognitive deficits in systemic connective tissue diseases are frequently mentioned, but little defined symptoms of these diseases. Fatigue and experience of inefficiency in cognitive activities described as "brain fog" are symptoms that greatly limit the patient’s quality of life and for us clinicians are elusive. They are difficult to measure and difficult to control by medication, we often perceive them, as only subjective complains and therefore they require interdisciplinary collaboration. In our report we will present forms of cognitive impairments accompanying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to a lesser extent, rheumatoid...

Cognitive impairment in endocrine and renal disorders

Mgr. Eva Bolceková, doc. MUDr. Robert Rusina Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):92-94 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.032  

Diagnosing endocrine disorders as the underlying cause of cognitive symptoms has essential importance since adequate treatment of hormonal dysfunction may improve neurological manifestations. Hypothyroidism may cause decrease in cognition very similar to depression, with a very good effect of substitution therapy. Therefore thyroid hormone level dosage is useful in dementia screening. A rare but treatable cause of rapid progressive dementia is Hashimoto´s encephalopathy. Hyperparathyroidism is often associated with psychiatric features and encephalopathy. Postmenopausal estrogen deficiency is related to increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease,...

Cardiac function in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome and microalbuminuria

MUDr. Jiří Piťha

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):95-99 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.033  

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease affecting the postsynaptic part of neuromuscular junction. The disease can manifest in early or late age, weakening of muscles is generalized, or only affects the extraocular muscles. Pathological changes in the thymus consist card follicular hyperplasia or atrophy. Paraneoplastic form is associated with thymoma. The 80% can be demonstrated antibodies against acetylcholine receptor or muscle specific tyrosine kinase. Although in its course highly variable disease, we can, according to its course, particularly in the initial stages and to predict the prognosis of the disease in a particular patient...

Vestibular and oculomotor disturbances in patients with multiple sclerosis

doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Jeřábek, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):100-103 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.034  

More than three quarters of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) report a history of balance disorders and multiple sclerosis is considered to be the second leading cause of central vertigo. Specific oculomotor syndromes are a typical feature in MS. The knowledge of the individual types of impairments is important for the understanding of the clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis. Some of these impairments are even more specific for diagnosing brain stem lesions than magnetic resonance imaging. The paper presents a review of the most typical vestibular and oculomotor syndromes in patients with demyelinating disease.

NEDA-4 concept as a treatment outcome in multiple sclerosis patients

MUDr. Pavel Hradílek, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):104-107 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.035  

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic potentially disabling disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with underlying focal and diffuse pathology. Current therapeutic options are based on administration of methylprednisolon during relapse and chronic treatment with disease modifying drugs (DMD). These drugs highly influence focal pathology represented by immune inflammation, but are less effective on diffuse pathology represented by neuro-degeneration and axonal loss which is however this part of MS pathophysiology that has major prognostic impact for MS patient. NEDA-4 concept (no evidence of disease activity) brings a new insight to MS...

Dynamic of developmental reflexology of the preterm newborns

MUDr.Katarína Brunová, doc.MUDr.Hana Ošlejšková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):108-112 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.036  

The review deals with a brief description of the examination of developmental reflexes as a part of neurodevelopmental examination in preterm newborns, as well as the process of itself. The review briefly discusses the basic of embryological development of central nervous system and the process of myelination. The clinical examination of premature infant is a part of daily work neonatologist, paediatrician a paediatric neurologists. That is why, the correct interpretation of neurological evaluation is so important.

Neurological complications of vaccination

Markéta Harničárová, MUDr. Marie Kolářová, CSc., doc. MUDr. Hana Ošlejšková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):113-116 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.037  

Vaccination is a topic which is being more and more discussed in recent years. As with every effective medicament, the use of vaccines can also lead to side effects which are more or less reversible, affecting mainly children vaccinated during infancy due to their vulnerability. Serious adverse events such as neurological complications are fortunately rare. The following article presents a listing of complications and focuses on vaccines available in Czech Republic at the time.

Rabies and lymphocytic choriomeningitis: clinical manifestation, prophylaxis and therapy

RNDr. Ingeborg Režuchová, PhD., Mgr. Lucia Turianová, RNDr. Katarína Lopušná, PhD., doc.RNDr. Peter Kabát, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):117-122 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.038  

The nervous system is the most complicated system of our body and any damage leads to lifelong consequences. As well as the tireless development of science and research, evolve viruses too. Their properties and mechanisms of change adapt to the environment, in which they are located. Therefore, it is necessary to study the molecular properties of the viruses, the way they avoid the immune response, and the therapy and prophylaxis. The aim of this work is to give a comprehensive picture of two neuropathogenic viruses extended almost all over the world, rabies virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, including their pathogenesis, treatment and prophylaxis...

Atypical localized headache in patient suffering from systemic disease

MUDr. Jolana Marková

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):123-127 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.039  

We are presenting a casereport of a 50-year-old patient, suffering from systemic disease (Henoch-Schonlein Vasculitis) since age 13, who developed non-typical localized headache, that was difficult to control with medication. We demonstrated the effect of pregabalin treatment, which improved patient´s condition.

Clinical experience with alemtuzumab

MUDr. Petra Lišková, MUDr. Jana Libertínová, MUDr. Eva Meluzínová

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):128-132 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.040  

Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada) is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the surface molecule CD 52 on immune cells. The bond between alemtuzumab and lymphocyte leads to cytolysis resulting to development of new lymphocyte generation potencially without autoaggressive signes of original population. Nowadays, alemtuzumab is in Czech Republic (CR) approved for treatment of highly active relaps–remitting multiple sclerosis (RR MS). In this paper we describe 2 cases of patients on alemtuzumab treatment in our department. We demonstrate both high efficacy confirmed in clinical trials together with potential risk of side effects following from mechanism...

The heidenhain variant of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

MUDr. Lenka Hönigová, MUDr. Jiří Neumann

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(3):134 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.041  

Prion diseases are rare neurodegenerative conditions with a lethal course. These diseases are caused by deposition in the brain of a pathologically altered prion protein, leading to gradual neuronal degeneration and irreversible brain damage. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is the best-known and most common human prion disease. It is clinically manifested by a wide range of symptoms, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. Early-onset rapidly progressive dementia is typical. We report a case of a 49-year-old man with presumed sporadic CJD that was confirmed by neuropathological investigation. It was shown to be a rare Heidenhain variant dominated by...