Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc., FCMA, FANA, FEAN

Neurol. praxi. 2023;24(5):323  

Neuroonkologie 

MUDr. Jiří Polívka, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2023;24(5):329  

Diagnostic imaging methods in neurooncology

MUDr. Martin Vítovec, MUDr. et Ing. Radek Tupý, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Jiří Ferda, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2023;24(5):330-336 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2023.026  

The article provides an overview of the possibilities of imaging methods in neurooncology. Firstly the most accessible examination using computed tomography and secondly dominant magnetic resonance imaging and its multiparametric imaging thanks to its advanced submodalities. The article also shows potential and usage of hybrid methods that allow the combination of advantages of metabolic imaging with advantages of magnetic resonance imaging.

The role of neurosurgery in CNS tumors diagnostics and therapy

prof. MUDr. David Netuka, Ph.D., MUDr. Filip Kramář, Ph.D., MUDr. Dora Konečná

Neurol. praxi. 2023;24(5):338-344 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2023.022  

Neurosurgery plays a crutial role in obtaining histological samples, in performance of adequate surgical procedures, in decision about surgical procedures and postoperative follow-up. Indications of neurosurgical procedures has been refined as well as the rate of complications has been reduced. Modern imaging, navigation and eletrophysiological techniques are of utmost importance. Care has to be multidisciplinar, thus cooperation between key care givers is vital.

Precision neuro-oncology: reality and perspectives

Ing. et Ing. Jiří Polívka, Ph.D., MSc. Rashmi Negi, MUDr. Richard Koleják, MUDr. Jiří Polívka, CSc., MUDr. Pavel Potužník, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2023;24(5):346-352 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2023.050  

Precision oncology represents a new concept of cancer care that allows the best possible individualization of treatment for a particular patient and a particular tumour. This is achieved by using the results of advanced molecular-genetic diagnostic methods which enable detailed tumour molecular profiling and identification of potential targets of modern anticancer treatment, i.e. targeted therapy. The present article deals with gradual changes in the classification of central nervous system tumours which were necessary given the enormous development of knowledge on molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis in recent years. Also included are some important...

Neurological complications of cancer immunotherapy

prof. MUDr. Ivana Štětkářová, CSc., MHA

Neurol. praxi. 2023;24(5):354-358 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2023.018  

More effective treatment strategies have been appearing in the treatment of cancer, but they also bring new unpleasant side effects with them. A breakthrough is the use of immuno-oncology therapy, which includes checkpoint inhibitors. Unfortunately, this treatment relates to number of immune-mediated adverse effects, which may affect also the nervous system. Myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuropathy, aseptic meningitis, mononeuritis multiplex, encephalitis and transverse myelitis are the most common neurotoxic side effects. Other drugs that can lead to damage to the nervous system are BRAF and MEK inhibitors, for example used in the treatment...

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators in the treatment of early phase multiple sclerosis

MUDr. Marek Peterka, MUDr. Pavel Potužník, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2023;24(5):360-366 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2023.064  

Over the last decades, the scenario of multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment has changed radically. The increasing availability of effective disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) has shifted therapeutic targets from a reduction in relapses and increase in disability to the absence of signs of disease activity both clinically and on MRI. The choice of therapy is increasingly complex and should be guided by adequate knowledge of the mechanism of action of each drug, its efficacy and safety profile. Since DMTs mainly affect the inflammatory component of the disease predominant in early MS, early initiation of treatment is crucial. Recent recommendations lean...

Electrical injury and lightning injury of the nervous system

doc. MUDr. Edvard Ehler, CSc., FEAN, prof. MUDr. Ivana Štětkářová, CSc., MHA

Neurol. praxi. 2023;24(5):369-372 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2023.034  

When an electric shock occurs, it depends on the voltage, the length of the current, the type of current and where is the localization on the human body. A lightning strike is always very dangerous and connecting with a high mortality. A person can be affected by a direct hit, an indirect hit from surrounding structures, or a hit by ground currents. Nervous system can be damaged at the periphery (peripheral nerves), but also the brain, spinal cord, and muscles. Electric shock injuries are often of a more severe degree. The treatment is usually long-lasting. The final clinical outcome of the damaged nervous system is usually not perfect and may be incomplete....

Fitness to drive in Parkinson's disease: current issues

MUDr. Petr Hollý

Neurol. praxi. 2023;24(5):374-378 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2023.023  

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a very common progressive disease and driving is a demanding and complex activity that requires the interplay of cognitive and psychomotor functions, good planning, memory, attention and eye-hand-foot coordination. The decision to be unable to drive is of paramount importance to the patient, but we must also keep road safety in mind. Patients with PD have a higher incidence of cognitive impairment and impaired mobility is also involved in driving problems. In addition, the incidence of excessive daytime sleepiness, which can be potentiated by medication, is a problem. Daytime sleepiness should be specifically asked about....

Physical causes of occupational neuropathies

doc. MUDr. Edvard Ehler, CSc., FEAN, doc. MUDr. Pavel Urban, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2023;24(5):380-384 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2023.024  

Mononeuropathies (entrapment syndromes and compressions of peripheral nerves) and polyneuropathies develop during occupational exposition on the ground of physical reasons. The most common physical impact is overload, followed by exposition to vibrations transmitted to upper extremities, then cold, humidity, unfavorable position in work, and pressure on the nerve against a hard structure. Entrapment syndromes and outer compressions of peripheral nerves lead to the ischemic changes of fascicles and single axons, to development of oedema, to failure of the venous outflow, to the increase of pressure in entrapment and lastly to the focal demyelinization...

Biological therapy of migraine: can patients who do not respond to the first anti-CGRP antibody be helped by changing treatment? Case reports from the Headache Center in Thomayer University Hospital, Prague

MUDr. Jolana Marková, FEAN

Neurol. praxi. 2023;24(5):385-388 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2023.051  

Currently, biological therapy of migraine with antibodies against the CGRP receptor or CGRP ligand is available for patients in whom prophylactic treatment with standard methods has failed. Biological therapy is very effective, with most patients experiencing pain relief and substantial improvement in the quality of life. In some cases, however, there is either no improvement at all or it is not sufficient for further reimbursement of this treatment, and the drug is no longer provided. Then, the question often arises as to how to proceed with treatment, what to do when the most up-to-date treatment has failed. Theoretically, it could be assumed that...

Functional tic disorder: a mass social media-induced contagion?

prof. MUDr. Evžen Růžička, DrSc., doc. MUDr. Eva Malá, CSc., doc. MUDr. Tereza Serranová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2023;24(5):389-396 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2023.032  

Tourette syndrome (TS) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood. The usual age of symptom onset is between the ages of 5 and 6 years, and the vast majority of cases emerge by age 12, up to four times more often in boys than in girls. The course of the disease characteristically varies over time, with exacerbations, remissions, and changes in the tic pattern. In adolescence, the tics usually diminish and marked late exacerbations are rare. However, since 2020, the number of new cases of tic disorder has increased sharply in adolescent girls. Their manifestations are incongruent with the classical presentation of TS and are suggestive...

Kdy může být člověk s nově diagnostikovanou epilepsií posouzen jako zdravotně způsobilý řídit motorová vozidla?

MUDr. Jana Zárubová

Neurol. praxi. 2023;24(5):398-400 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2023.066