Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):171  

Poruchy chôdze - úvod k hlavnej téme

doc. MUDr. Peter Valkovič, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):175  

Classification of gait disorders

doc.MUDr.Peter Valkovič, PhD., prof.MUDr.Evžen Růžička, DrSc., FCMA

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):176-178  

Human gait depends on ability of locomotion (including initiation and maintenance of rhythmic stepping), balance, and ability to adapt to the environment. Dysfunction in any of these systems can disturb gait. Currently, a classification of gait disorders based on clinical findings becomes popular in clinical practice. Recognition of typical pattern of gait disorder constitutes the first step to postulate diagnosis. Secondly, a clinically „probable“ diagnosis is appointed. It is done by considering findings on auxilliary work-up, effect of specific treatment, and disease course. „Definitive“ diagnosis is based on histopathology....

Freezing - gait disorder

MUDr.Hana Brožová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):179-181  

Freezing is a sudden interruption of gait in the beginning or during walking, which occurs in typical situations. In addition to Parkinson’s disease appears in neurodegerative and vascular parskinsonian syndromes, normal pressures hydrocephalus and in frontal and frontal circuit’s lesion. This is a summary about classification, diagnosis including freezing, patophysiology and therapy of this fenomen.

Psychogenic disorders of gait

prof.MUDr.Evžen Růžička, DrSc., MUDr.Tereza Serranová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):182-184  

Gait disturbances are ranked among the most common manifestations of psychogenic movement disorders, a nosological area lying between neurology and psychiatry where both physicians and patients often find themselves at risk of diagnostic and therapeutic errors. The aim of this review is to show the typical manifestations, emphasize diagnostic principles and outline the therapeutic options for psychogenic movement disorders, with a special focus on disorders of gait. Typical patterns of psychogenic gait disorders include 1. balance disorders (with inadequately broad-based gait, often with paradoxical improvements in tandem walking test, spontaneous...

Gait impairment in multiple sclerosis patient

Mgr.Klára Novotná, MUDr.Jana Lízrová Preiningerová

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):185-187  

Multiple sclerosis may lead to various functional impairment. Typical symptomes include decrease in muscle strength, increase in muscle tone, sensation impairment, balance problems and loss of coordination. All these symptoms can cause gait disorders. Abnormalities of gait that are present in almost 85–90% of patients with multiple sclerosis are present from early stages of the disease. This article discusses typical changes of gait in patients with multiple sclerosis and the methods of quantification.

What are the risks associated with vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis? Myths and Reality

MUDr.Jiří Piťha, prof.MUDr.Roman Prymula, CSc., Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):188-192  

Infection is one of the most common factors that lead to exacerbation of multiple sclerosis. Ebstein Barr Virus is even suspected infectious agents involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The clinical experience suggests that patients with multiple sclerosis is not recommended any vaccination for fear of worsening disease. An analysis of clinical studies, it is clear that the majority of vaccines is safe and may even risk groups to protect patients from infection. For 0.5% of the vaccinees may develop autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced adjuvant.

Polyneuropathies in industrial neurology

doc.MUDr.Edvard Ehler, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):193-196  

Toxic neuropathies are caused by chemical substances, which under conditions of sufficient exposition lead to damage of neuron, axon, myelin sheath or of more structures of peripheral nervous system simultaneously. Even if toxic neuropathies caused by pharmaceuticals occur more frequently, the prevalence of polyneuropathies due to exposition of industrial chemicals has a decreasing tendency. To evaluate the causality of toxin and clinical finding there is a list of criteria (Bradford Hill Criteria). Except classical clinical findings there are laboratory methods (including evidence of concentration of toxin and its metabolites) and neurophysiological...

Alcohol and epilepsy - how to treat?

MUDr.Ivana Tyrlíková

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):197-199  

Alcohol consumption is very high in the Czech Republic and this gives rise to a considerable public health problem. The link between epilepsy and alcohol consumption is definite. Epileptic seizures are three times more frequent in abusers and increase with the amount per day of alcohol consumed. Both intoxication and withdrawal are recorded as the risk factors, but the withdrawal seizures attracts the most of attention. Long-term alcohol abuse impairs regulation of the NMDA and GABA-A receptors. The sudden deficit of alcohol results in alcohol withdrawal seizures. A manifestation of alcoholic epilepsy varies with respect to length of abuse....

Is late Lyme neuroborreliosis treatable?

MUDr.Hana Roháčová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):200-202  

This article is dedicated to the problem of Lyme borreliosis, particularly to its later forms causing damage to the nervous system, and with an emphasis on the possibilities of its diagnosis and treatment. Lyme borreliosis occurs relatively often in the Czech Republic and patients are treated by doctors of various specializations. For the most part, it is the later forms of the disease that cause the biggest difficulties. Nevertheless, even these cases can be successfully treated, if in fact an active borreliosis infection is actually the cause of the symptoms.

Tuberculoma of the brain

mjr.MUDr.Pavel Diviš

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):203-205  

Tuberculoma of the brain is among rare causes of intracranial expansions in the Czech Republic. More frequently, there is multifocal brain disease as part of the postprimary form of tuberculosis. A definitive diagnosis can be made based on histopathological and/or bacteriological examination; a probable diagnosis can be made based on improvement in the clinical condition and focal regression after commencing causal therapy with antituberculosis drugs. Following treatment initiation, the prognosis is relatively favorable; the mortality rate is reported to be only 10%. The author presents a case of a 56-year-old female patient with a histologically...

A rare cause of torticollis in a 4 year old boy

MUDr.Jana Kučerová, MUDr.Marika Talábová, MUDr.Ladislava Šerclová, MUDr.Eduard Popper, MUDr.Ludovít Klzo, Ph.D., MUDr.David Laštovička, doc.MUDr.Radomír Taláb, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):206-208  

Torticollis in a broader sense is a term for abnormal head posture and is a non-specific symptom of diseases with various etiology. Cause of abnormal head posture may be different in mechanisms of origin as well as localization of primary changes and depends on the patient‘s age category. Case report describes a 4 year old boy with severe fixed torticollis in coincidence with the local inflammation in the middle ear region.

Publikujeme v zahraničí

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):216  

Léčba první volby u CIDP. Kortikoidy nebo IVIg?

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Ambler, DrSc., prof. MUDr. Josef Bednařík, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):210-211  

16. Jedličkovy dny, Praha 2013

doc. MUDr. Radomír Taláb, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):218  

Nová zákonná pravidla dostupnosti zdravotních služeb a biologická léčba roztroušené sklerózy

JUDr. Ondřej Dostál, Ph.D., LL.M.

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):213-215  

The molecular genetic and biochemical aspects of neurogenetic disorders (Diseases caused by molecular genetic pathology of structural constituents of nervous system - part 1)

doc.MUDr.Ján Chandoga, CSc., MUDr.Petra Jungová, RNDr.Katarína Kolejáková, Ph.D., RNDr.Robert Petrovič, PhD., MUDr.Juraj Štofko, MBA

Neurol. praxi. 2013;14(4):169-174  

Many of known genetic disorders are primarily neurologic or have important neurologic involvement. With acceleration of modern genomic research, over the past twenty years, the molecular genetic basis, molecular pathology and ethiopathology mechanisms of many neurological diseases have been revealed. Improvement in the DNA laboratory methods allows us to perform reliable and causal diagnostic of many neurological diseases. But in several disorders such as spinocerebellar ataxia or hereditary spastic paraplegia remains the searching for molecular pathology still difficult because of number of genes and mutations. Given the abundance of neurogenetical diseases...