Vážené kolegyně a vážení kolegové

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):207  

Hydrocefalus

prof. MUDr. Martin Smrčka, Ph.D., MBA, - editor hlavního tématu

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):212 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.043  

Diagnostic imaging in hydrocephalus

MUDr. Miloš Keřkovský. Ph.D., MUDr. Ivana Červinková, MUDr. Barbora Jurová, MUDr. Václav Vybíhal, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Marek Mechl, Ph.D., MBA

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):213-221 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.044  

Diagnostic imaging methods play a key role among the diagnostic procedures in patients with hydrocephalus. The most important imaging modality here is the magnetic resonance imaging, which is able to detect and specify possible source of the obstruction within the ventricular system of the brain. Other methods, which can be used in the diagnostics of hydrocephalus, are computed tomography and ultrasonography for the imaging of the brain in fetuses and newborns. In this paper we discuss the features and limitations of the aforementioned imaging techniques and describe their position in the diagnostic algorithm.

Pathophysiology, classification and supplementary tests in normal pressure hydrocephalus

MUDr. Tomáš Radovnický, prof. MUDr. Martin Sameš, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):218-223 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.045  

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a disease of an elderly people. It is characterized by ventricular enlargement, normal pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid and progressive onset of gait disturbance, dementia and incontinency. The treatment is known (shunt surgery), but there are still controversies in the pathophysiology, thus in the optimal diagnostic algorithm. One of the crucial problems of NPH is underdiagnosing. The majority of NPH patients is not diagnosed and not treated properly. The aim of this review article is to draw attention to this disease and to summarize current knowledge about the pathophysiology, classification and...

Surgical treatment of hydrocephalus in adults

doc. MUDr. Radim Lipina, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Krejčí

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):224-227 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.046  

Surgical treatment is necesery in vast majority of adult patients with acute or chronic hydrocephalus. There are three possibilities of hydrocephalus treatment: removing of the obstacle in the ventricular system (in the most cases removing of the tumor), shunt operation or endoscopic treatment. The type of the operation is determined based on the radiological investigation, today using magnetic resonance. The most freuently performed procedure is a shunt operation, which is however associated with high percentage of late complication. In the recent decade, endoscopic operation have been used increasingly. They are less invasive and no foreign...

Management and therapy of pediatric hydrocephalus

MUDr. Petr Vacek

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):228-231 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.047  

Pediatric hydrocephalus is a pathophysiology condition which can negatively influence the development of the child permanently. It is most commonly caused by congenital defects and by intraventricular haemorrhage at premature infants. Diagnostics and treatment vary from adult patients in some areas. That is caused by physical parameters of the child in the time of treatment and subsequent growth and development. We always try to avoid diagnostic methods which use ionizing radiation due to its negative impact on developing brain. For surgical solution we use neuroendoscopy for obstructive hydrocephalus and shunt surgery for communicating hydrocephalus....

Management of hydrocephalus in patients with an implanted shunt for hydrocephalus during pregnancy and delivery

MUDr. Václav Vybíhal, Ph.D., MUDr. Romana Gerychová, MUDr. Petr Janků, Ph.D., MUDr. George Hanoun, MUDr. Marek Sova, MUDr. Miloš Keřkovský, prof. MUDr. Martin Smrčka, Ph.D.,MBA

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):232-235 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.048  

Because of treatment advances in hydrocephalus the number of patients reaching reproductive age and intending to become pregnant has increased in recent years. Numerous changes occur during pregnancy and these changes contribute to increased incidence of complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, it is necessary to make a preconception exam and specify pregnancy management, a suitable method of childbirth and dealing with potential complications. Possible shunt malfunction is necessary to diagnose properly and in time and solve it individually, taking into account the overall and neurological status of the patient and gestational...

Strategy initiation of treatment for multiple sclerosis

MUDr. Jiří Piťha

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):236-239 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.049  

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, disabling disease of the central nervous system with involvement of the inflammation and neurodegeneration. Treatment should be started shortly after the diagnosis of a clinically isolated syndrome or definite multiple sclerosis in the fulfillment of the requirement of dissemination of lesions in time and space according to the McDonald diagnostic criteria. The clinical course is heterogeneous and therefore it is necessary to consider the optimal treatment strategy for a particular patient. It is always appropriate to assess the available prognostic markers, and on this basis decide which medication to choose...

The onset of pain in myotonic dystrophy

MUDr. Olesja Parmová, MUDr. Stanislav Voháňka, CSc., MBA

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):240-243 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.050  

Myotonic dystrophy is the most common form of muscular dystrophy in adults. It is a multisystem disease characterized by slowly progressive weakness of skeletal muscles, myotonia, and multisystem involvement. Pain is a common and major symptom of the disease and its frequency is approximately 75 %. The pain is not same for all patients, it has a variable intensity, temporal pattern, localization, and character. In the majority of cases the pain has moderate intensity, long-term course, and fluctuates over time. The intensity or even presence of pain is usually not associated with the patient's age and severity of the disease. The most often...

Using the Multimodal Communication Screening Test for Persons with Aphasia (MCST-A) in diagnosing and treating two patients with severe degree of aphasia: a case study

Mgr. Ivica Bauerová, Ph.D., prof. PaedDr. Zsolt Cséfalvay, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):244-248 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.051  

Patients with severe degree of aphasia who are unable to communicate through oral speech are good candidates for so-called augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). In order to choose the most effective method of AAC, it is important to identify the global communicative capacities of patients. For this purpose, the diagnostic test called Multimodal Communication Screening Test for Persons with Aphasia (MCST-A) and developed by Garrett and Lasker (2005) can be used. Using this methodology, we aimed to determine, in two patients with severe degree of Broca’s aphasia, what their strengths and weaknesses were in terms of communication,...

Glatiramer acetate and three case reports

MUDr. Zbyšek Pavelek, MUDr. Pavel Ryška, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Martin Vališ, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):250-253 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.052  

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease which affect central nervous system. This autoimmune disease manifests itself with various symptoms. Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) is a drug of the the first line treatment for relaps/remitent type of multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome. This review explore the mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in treatment of multiple sclerosis, its indication for treatment, use and possible side effects too. We report three cases from our own patients base through we demonstrate possible use of glatiramer acetate.

Pregabalin and gabapentin in patient with failed back surgery syndrome

MUDr. Jan Procházka, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):254-256 | DOI: 10.36290/neu.2016.053  

Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is an example of a so-called mixed pain combining nociceptive and neuropathic pain. We are presenting a patient with history of a low back surgery (disc herniation L5S1 dx), suffering persisting pain irradiating to his right leg. Administering gabapentin the neuropathic pain lowered by about 50 %, after switching to pregabalin the neuropathic pain lowered by about 75 % from the initial value. Both drugs were accompanied with drowsiness, which should be controlled through dosage adjustment. Available studies dealing with similar cases support our results.

Po úspěšném zákroku lidé rozkvetou S neurochirurgem Radimem Lipinou o léčbě hydrocefalu, osvětě a vzdělávání

Radim Lipina

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):224-227  

Má smysl odlišovat kortikální a subkortikální demenci? Nemá

prof. MUDr. Irena Rektorová, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Stanislav Šutovský, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):257-262  

Friedrich Heinrich Lewy, his corpuscles and their illnesses

prof. MUDr. Petr Kaňovský, CSc., MUDr. Kateřina Menšíková, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Ing. Petr Hluštík, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2016;17(4):263-267  

Friedrich Heinrich Lewy (1885–1950), the man, who discovered Lewy bodies, pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies, live dout an adveturous life. After serving in the German Army in the First World War, he became a professor of neurology and psychiatry. He had build a modern neuroscience institute in Berlin; after that has been forced to escape his country for Nazi repressions. He put down root in USA, served in the US Army and became a professor of neuroanatomy and neuropathology. The role of bodies, which bear his name, in the pathophysiology of parkinsonian neurodegeneration has been elucidated nearly half a century...