Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):287  

Neurologická onemocnění v těhotenství a v období kojení

doc.MUDr.Otakar Keller, CSc. - editor hlavního tématu

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):291  

Epilepsy, pregnancy and breastfeeding

MUDr.Jana Zárubová

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):292-296  

The question whether a woman with epilepsy can become pregnant and give birth to a healthy child is still one of the most important for women in the childbearing age with this chronic neurological disease. The majority of women with epilepsy can have an uncomplicated pregnancy and give birth to a healthy child (Tomson, Battino 2009). There are risks related to the disease itself and/or to treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). These risks can be minimized by appropriate individual approach and counselling. For a woman with epilepsy and the developing fetus, it is particularly important during pregnancy to control generalized convulsive...

Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis

MUDr.Eva Meluzínová

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):297-299  

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease that is more common in women and typically has its onset during the childbearing years. That brings to the forefront the issue of pregnancy during the course of this disease. As late as the second half of the twentieth century, women with multiple sclerosis were forbidden to become pregnant because of frequent attacks after the delivery and concerns for subsequent maternal disability. Owing to planned pregnancy and modern therapeutic approaches, the disease can be stabilized even in the period of a major risk, such as the immediate postpartum period and the following six months. Under these...

Treatment of migraine during pregnancy and breastfeeding

MUDr.Jolana Marková, PharmDr.Alena Linhartová

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):300-303  

Primary headache disorders, particularly migraine and tension headaches, are very frequent in women in the childbearing age. The article deals with the specific situation of women during the periods of pregnancy and lactation when the development and progression of various types of headache disorders is affected by the hormonal situation of the organism. Most studies and the clinical practice confirm that in about 70 % of female migraine sufferers their migraine improves, particularly during the second and third trimesters. This statement applies to migraine without aura. Women with migraine with aura more frequently suffer from attacks in...

Some other neurological diseases and their treatment in pregnancy and lactation

doc.MUDr.Otakar Keller, CSc., PharmDr.Alena Linhartová

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):304-306  

The most common neurological diseases that can be seen in pregnancy (multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and migraine) are described in individual chapters. As for the frequency, vertebrogenic pain syndromes and similar pain states can also be added. Others are only rarely encountered.

Current options in the treatment of multiple sclerosis

MUDr.Eva Meluzínová

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):307-311  

Within last 15 years the treatment approach to multiple sclerosis (MS) has been substantially changed in accordance with the recent knowledge about its etiopatogenesis. Intravenous administration of high-dose methylprednisolone still remains the first choice in the treatment of MS relapses. Between relapses immune system modifying therapy should be started early in the course of the disease as the major axonal loss appears in this period and early treatment can protect patients from subsequent disability. Since 2009, some of interferon-beta products are indicated even in cases of clinically isolated syndrome when the risk of MS development...

Diagnostic and indication errors in epilepsy treatment

MUDr.Miroslav Kalina

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):312-316  

Diagnostic and indication errors are analysed. Differential diagnoses between epileptic and organic non-epileptic seizures comprise syncopes, myoclonus, extrapyramidal disorders, transient global amnesia, metabolic and endocrine breakdown, and parasomnias. Syncopes often present with motor symptoms – myoclonic jerks, tonic limb extension or flection, orofacial movements, and open eyes. Cortical provoked myoclonus is encountered in encephalopaties. Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias constitute a serious diagnostic problem. Symptoms of transient global amnesia may be caused by non-convulsive epileptic status. Differences between nocturnal...

How recognize and treat medication overuse headache

MUDr.David Doležil, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):317-319  

In 1988, it used term „drug-induced headache“, but the new term medication overuse headache was introduced in the 2004. Medication overuse headache is a biobehavioral disorder and may be response to both chronic pain or, in headache-prone patients, medication overuse, which can induce the headache. The accurate prevalence is uncertain, probably 4–10 % patients with headache had medication overuse headache, and about 1–2 % of the general population suffered from chronic daily headache associated with the overuse of analgesic. Stopping the acute medication may result in withdrawal symptoms and a period of increased headache,...

Antiphospholipid syndrome: one of the causes of ischaemic stroke in young age

MUDr.Andrea Bártková

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):320-326  

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rather rare condition with a great variability of clinical signs and many pitfalls in differential diagnosis. APS is defined by a complex of clinical and laboratory features. The clinical criterion is vascular thrombosis and/or complications of pregnancy and laboratory evidence involves the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA). In addition to vascular thrombosis, the most common manifestation of APS is ischaemic stroke. The correct recognition of the fact that neurovascular symptoms are caused by APS is crucial for the management of the disease and its treatment. Some neurovascular clinical manifestations...

Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy - new trends in diagnosis and treatment

MUDr.Štefania Rusnáková, RNDr.Lenka Fajkusová, CSc., Mgr.Eva Jansová, Ph.D., Mgr.Pavla Šultesová, MUDr.Lia Elstnerová, doc.MUDr.Dalibor Valík, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Hana Ošlejšková, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):327-330  

Pyridoxine dependent epilepsy is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disorder causing a severe intractable epileptic seizures presenting typically in prenatal and neonatal period, rarely in early infancy (age up to 3 years). Pyridoxine dependent epilepsy, caused by metabolic disturbance of pyridoxine, is associated with mutations in ALDH7A1 or ALDH4A1 gene. Similar condition, pyridoxal-phosphate dependent epilepsy (also called neonatal epileptic encephalopathy), is caused by mutations in PNPO gene. Pyridoxine dependent epilepsy is successfully treatable using high doses of pyridoxine. Neonatal epileptic encephalopathy is refractory to pyridoxine...

Glycogen storage disease type II (GSD II, Pompe disease). Current diagnostic and therapeutic options.

MUDr.Věra Malinová

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):331-335  

Clinical case report Glycogenosis type II (GSD II) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by insufficient activity of acid α-glucosidase (acid maltase). This enzyme is responsible for the degradation of intralysosomal glycogen. Accumulation of glycogen in lysosomes leads to the cellular dysfunction and damage in many organs and tissues. GSD is inherited in autosomal recessive trait, the incidence is panethnic approximately 1 : 60 000 of live-born children, the gene for α-glucosidase is localised on chromosome 17 (17q23). We differentiate the classical infantile onset type with first symptoms within the first few months of life,...

Psychosocial attributes of multiple sclerosis

PhDr.Iveta Ondriová, PhD., PhDr.Dagmar Magurová, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):336-338  

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by the pathological presence of inflammatory foci in the white matter in various regions of the central nervous system (CNS), demyelination and formation of glial scars (sclerosis). The key diagnostic and prognostic factor is the dissemination of these foci in various sites of the CNS and in various periods of life. The course of the disease is characterized by alternating attacks and remissions with gradual deterioration of the condition. MS is a chronic incurable disease and as such is a lifelong challenge for the patient. It is associated with many changes in the physical, mental...

Cerebral venous trombosis covered by migraine

MUDr.Miroslava Fauknerová, MUDr.Tomáš Peisker, MUDr.Eva Medová, MUDr.David Doležil, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):339-341  

A 26-year-old patient, currently on hormonal contraceptive medication, with a prior medical history of common migraine and a mild head injury was admitted in our department for typical presentation of a migrenous headache. No significant neurological findings during her medical examination. Due to the prolonged course of a headache, risk factors and changes in presentation of a headache a CT scan was requested. Due to the suspission of venous thrombosis MRI of the brain was also requested. Thrombosis of the sigmoid and transverse sinuses were proven. It is a tendency or common practise, not to pay so much attention as to include secondary cause...

The present and future of recanalization therapy in acute ischaemic stroke

MUDr.Radek Ampapa

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):342-346  

Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is currently a standard effective treatment for acute-stage ischaemic stroke. Because of the limitations of IVT which include a short therapeutic window and a relatively low efficacy (as assessed by the recanalization of the occluded artery), new therapeutic methods are investigated. Among the most promising are combined thrombolysis, sonothrombolysis and mechanical removal, e. g. with the Merci catheter (all of which are being experimentally used at centres in the Czech Republic); moreover, attempts are made to prolong the time window for treatment with IVT and to more accurately diagnose using imaging methods...

Diagnostics of lexical retrieval in patients with aphasia

doc.PaedDr.Zsolt Cséfalvay, PhD., Mgr.Martin Malík, PhD.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):347-350  

The present study investigated the influence of context on word retrieval by individuals with aphasia. Twenty patients with aphasia were presented with two different tasks, confrontation naming (naming of pictures) and spontaneous speech. Significant differences between the tasks were found in favor of sponntaneous speech. It was concluded that spontaneous speech offers more ecologically valid information about lexical retrieval in patients with aphasia than does confrontation naming and stresses also intervention of contextual speech.

Komentář k článku „Nitrolební žilní trombóza maskovaná migrénou“

MUDr. Petr Aulický

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5)

Změny v postgraduálním vzdělávání v neurologii

doc.MUDr.Otakar Keller, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):355-356

Demence s Lewyho tělísky a demence u Parkinsonovy nemoci Nejedná se o stejnou diagnózu!

doc.MUDr.Irena Rektorová, Ph.D.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):351-352  

Jedná se o stejnou diagnózu!

doc.MUDr.Jan Roth, CSc.

Neurol. praxi. 2010;11(5):352-354